Muscle Proteins AND

energetic OF Muscle
CONTRACTION
BY
VIDHYA VASUDVAN
2ND MSC ZOOLOGY
MAHARAJAS College
MUSCLE PROTEINS
 About 20% of the wet Weight of muscle fiber is represented
by proteins.
 Most important muscle proteins in the myofibrils are

differentiated into
1. Proteins in thick myofibrils –
 Myosin

 C Protein

 M Protein

2. Proteins in thin myofilamnts-

 Actin

 Tropomyosin

 Troponin

 α-actinin and β-actinin

 1.MYOSIN
 It is a asymmetric molecule ( length-1500 A, width-20A)

 Skeletal muscle proteins- 50-55% .

 Each myosin filament consist of about 200 myosin

molecules.

 18 Different types.
 Structure
 Composed of 6
polypeptide chains.
 2- Heavy chains 4- light
chains.
 Heavy chains wrap
spirally around these
chains, folded into
globular protein mass –
Myosin had.
 Elongated portion- Tail
Portions of myosin
Tail potion
 It is maid up of two heavy chains, which twist around

ach other in the form of a double helix.

Head portion
 At one end of the double helix, both the heavy chains

turn away in opposite directions and form the

globular portion.
 Can be fragmented by the action of proteolytic enzymes.
 Trypsin brakes it into two components

 Long rod like tail called- Light meromyosin (LMM)

 Globular head with neck- Heavy meromyosin (HMM)

HMM
 Most important part
 It corresponds the cross bridges of thick filament.
 Head contain an actin binding site and an ATP binding
site.
 Shows ATP as activity
C- PROTIENS AND M-
ORITINS
C- PROTIENS
 Present in A band
 Long as the myosin tails, winding around the core

of the thick filament.

M- pRoTIeNS
 Extracted from the m line region
 One of them is a structural portion and the others

are enzymes.
 Thy connecting the myofilament with one

another and maintaining their précis order.

 ACTIN
 Actin molecule are the major component of the
thin filament.
 20-25%
 Actin exist in two forms;

 Globular(G-actin)
 Fibrous(F-actin)
 G- actin has a molecular weight of about 50A
 They posses binding sits for myosin, tropomyosin

and troponin.
 G-actin polymerizes to form strands of F-actin.
 G-actin actually possess the binding sits for ca2+ and on
ATP or ADP.
 It is a family of globular multi- fuctional proteins that
form microfilaments.
 An actin protein is the monomeric subunit of two types of
filaments in cells; microfilaments, on of the 3 major
components of cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of
the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.
 TROPOMYOSIN
 Tropomyosin represents 10% of the total contractile
proteins in muscle
 Has molecular weight 70,000 Daltons
 Tropomyosin B- vertebrates.
 It is a dimer composed of two polypeptide chains in an
alpha helical configuration.
 The chains are intertwined to form a thin rod shaped
molecule (40nm length, diameter 2-3nm)
 Each one is long enough to produce or cover a distance of
seven actin monomer.
 The actin filament contains tropomyosin.
 TROPONINS
 It is also a major protein of thin filament.
 It is the ca++ receptive protein of the contractile system.

 Large globular proteins.

 Consisting of 3 polypeptide subunits.

 Troponin T- which binds to tropomyosin

 Troponin 1- binds to actin and inhibits its binding to myosin.

 Troponin C- has binding sits for Ca2+

 Complex of these loosely bound protein subunits , each of

which plays a specific role in muscle contraction.

 This complex is believed to attach the tropomyosin to
actin.
 The strong affinity of troponin for ca2+ is believed to
initiate the contraction process.

α-actinin and β-actinin

 α-actinin is a rod shaped molecule found in the Z-line
and is attributed a function in cross linking the thin
filaments to on another.
 β-actinin is located at the free ends of the thin
filaments where it may play a role in terminating actin
polymerization.
OTHER PROTIENS OF MUSCLE
 DESMIN
Which binds to z-line.
 NEBULIN
Which runs in close association with and parallel to actin
filaments.
 TITIN
A large protein connecting M line and Z line.
energetic OF Muscle
CONTRACTION
energetic OF Muscle
CONTRACTION
 Muscular contraction require a sustainable supply of
energy
 It is maintained by a series of Biochemical reactions.

 These reactions collectively constitute a metabolic chain,

known as Lehmann scheme of reaction.

 There are 5 events

 Breakdown of ATP

 Breakdown of creatinin phosphate and synthesis of

ATP
 Anaerobic breakdown of muscle glycogen to lactic acid

 Anaerobic oxidation of lactic acid

 Resynthesis of muscle glycogen from lactic acid

1. Break DOWN OF ATP
 ATP serve as the immediate source of energy for muscle
contraction .
 The enzyme ATP as brakes it down to ADP and inorganic
Phosphate (Pi).
 During this, a portion of its energy store is librated as
active kinetic energy.

ATP as
ATP ADP + Pi + energy for muscle contraction
Ca++
 This free energy facilitates actin myosin
interaction.

 This leads to the sliding of myofilaments and the

shortening of muscle fibers.

 The greater the number of cross bridges between

actin and myosin filaments , greater would be the
strength of contraction.
2. Break DOWN OF CREATIN
Phosphate AND Synthesis OF ATP

 For continued muscular activity the spent ATP has to be

quickly resynthsized.

 For this energy and inorganic phosphate are made available by

the breake down of creatin phosphate.
 creatin
1) Creatin phosphate Creatin + High energy Phosphate
phosphatase

Creatin
2) ADP + High energy phosphate ATP
Phosphotransferase
3. Anaerobic Breakdown OF
MUSCL Glycogen TO LACTIC ACID

 For repeating muscular activity creatin phosphate also has to

be resynthsizd from creatin and ATP.
 For this ATP produced from anaerobic oxidation of muscle
glycogen.
 Muscle glycogen is oxidized to lactic acid in a chain of
reaction called muscle glycolysis.
 Lactic acid
1) Muscle glycogen Lactic acid +ATP
Fermentation

2) Creatin + ATP Creatin phosphate +ADP

ATP- CP System
 ATP and creatin phosphate are the source of energy of
muscle contraction.

1) Anaerobic glycolysis
ATP gets resynthesized from glycogen or glucose in an
anaerobic way.

2) Oxidative system
ATP synthesized in an aerobic way.
4. aerobic OXIDATION OF LACTIC
ACID
 About 1/5 of lactic acid formed is aerobically oxidized to co2.
(Krebs cycle)
 Energy released from Krebs cycle is utilized for resynthesising
muscle glycogen from the remaining 1/3 of lactic acid.

Lactic acid Pyruvic acid Acetyl co A

Co2+H2O+energy
5. ReSYNTHeSIS OF MUSCLE
GLYCOGN FROM LACTIC ACID
 Nearly 4/5 of the Muscle lactic acid is used for the
resynthesis of muscle glycogen.
 Mostly occurs in liver.
 Lactic acid converted to glucose through gluconeogenesis.
 A part of liver glucose also convert to glycogen called
glycogenesis.
 The rest is released to blood and reaches the muscle.
 In the muscle glucose get converted to glycogen called
glycogenesis.
 The cycle of reaction by which muscle lactic acid is
transformed to muscle glycogen is known as Cori cycle .
CORI CYCLe