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Q
For a given speed swash plate pumps can be of fixed
displacement like this one, or variable by having a variable
swash plate angle.
REDIAL PISTON PUMP:-
This kind of pump consists of piston mounted radically in a
housing and spring loaded which permit the piston to goes out
to be filled with oil.
Another type the pistons remains in contact with the reaction
ring due to the centrifugal force, as the piston rotate the piston
comes out to make a suction and by returning around the ring it
goes back to the cylinder to make the pressure. Certain models
are operate at 1000 bar and flow rate 1000 liter/min.
The outer ring for bracing of the pumping pistons is in eccentric
position to the hollow shaft in the center. This eccentricity
determines the stroke of the pumping piston.
The piston starts in the inner dead center (IDC) with suction
process. After a rotation angle of 180° it is finished and the
workspace of the piston is filled with the to moved medium. The
piston is now in the outer dead center (ODC). From this point on
the piston displaces the previously sucked medium in the
pressure channel of the pump.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PUMP:
Type of Pressure Speed Rating Overall HP per Flow in
Pump Rating (rpm) Efficiency Ib Ratio Ipm
(bar) (%)
3 / 2 – way valve
4 / 2 – way valve
4 / 3 – way valve
PRESSURE VALVES :
Pressure valves are represented using squares. The flow
direction is indicated by an arrow. The valve ports can be
labeled P (pressure port) and T (tank connection) or A and B.
The position of the valve within the square indicates whether
the valve is normally open or normally closed.
Pressure valves are divided into Pressure relief valves and
Pressure regulators.
FLOW CONTROL VALVES :
NON – RETURN VALVES :
The symbol for non – return valves is a ball which is pressed
against a sealing seat. This seat is drawn as an open triangle
in which the ball rests. The point of the triangle indicates
the blocked direction and not the flow direction.
CYLINDERS:
Single acting cylinder, return by external force
Double – acting
4 / 3 – way valve:
4 / 3 – way valves has four ports and 3 switching positions.
The various 4 / 3 – way valves are
a. Mid position – pump by-pass (Tandem)
b. Mid position – closed c. H – mid position
d. Mid position – working lines de-pressurized
e. Mid position – by-pass
HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
Speed Control circuits
(meter-in circuits) (Meter-out circuits)
M M
(Bleed –off circuits) (Pressure control circuits)
M
ACCUMULATORS:
Accumulators are use to store the incompressible fluid
under pressure and it discharges the stored energy into the
system when required.
The various types of accumulators are:
1. Weight – loaded accumulator
2. Spring loaded accumulator
3. Gas charge accumulator
a. Diaphragm or bladder type
(Figure-1)
b. Piston type (Figure-2)
STANDARD MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
1. Periodic checking of oil level in the reservoir.
2. Periodic cleaning of suction strainer.
3. Return line filter element to be changed after 100 hours and at 500
hours there after.
4. Periodic analysis of oil sample to check the contamination level.
5. Flushing of the system after major breakdown & restart.
6. Ensure proper type & quantity of spare items & proper storage .
7. Mounting of magnetic in reservoir to prevent entry of ferrous
particles.
8. Do not return to the system any fluid that has leaked out.
9. Do not mix two different grades/makes of oil.
10. Use clean containers, hoses & funnels for filling the oil in to the
reservoir. Use of portable filtration unit is recommended.
11. Use only cloth for cleaning or wiping of hydraulic component
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Required Pressure not Developing
Probable Cause Remedy
• Present pressure of relief valve too • Reset the relief valve pressure with
low the help of a pressure gauge.
•Relief valve is opened •Open the relief valve ,check for
smoothness in movement of spool.
•Check the seating area is proper
•Clean the orifice hole
•Excessive internal Leakage •Check actuator/valve for excess
internal leakage
•System oil flows back to reservoir •Check the valve for mal function
•Incorrect spool function of DC Valve
change to correct spool function.
•Incorrect adjustment or •Make setting again or eliminate the
malfunctioning of flow regulator. malfunction.
Excessive noise:
Probable cause Remedy
•Pump noisy-Air in the system •Tighten all connecting parts of pipe &
pump inlet port(Apply grease/fill with
oil)
•Air entry through pump shaft seal •Replace pump shaft seal if worn out
•Air bubble in reservoir •Return line pipe should terminate
below oil surface in reservoir at any time
•Location of return pipe with respect to
suction pipe to be proper and also flow
path
•Small size of the suction strainer •Change to larger size suction strainer
•Pump speed is too high • Reduce the pump speed below the
rated, max speed recommended in
manual
•Coupling misalignment •Alignment the coupling proper
Oil leakage
Probable Cause Remedy
•The Line pressure is out of the rated •Check the seal if it meets with the use
pressure range of the seals. for the line pressure ,If not replace it.
•Seal is not compatible with the oil •Either swelling or shrinkage can occur
due to chemical reaction. Change the
seals to particular type of oil used
•The finish of the surface which •Check the surface for roughness, burrs
interfaces with the seal is improper and contaminant particle on the area,
Refinish the surface ,get rid of burrs,
clean the surface area.
THANK YOU