The Earth’s

Internal Heat
 Big concept
Have you ever wondered
why the Earth’s Interior is
hot?
2
3
 Two categories of the internal heat
sources of the Earth:
PRIMORDIAL RADIOACTIVE
HEAT: HEAT
heat from accretion & (the heat generated by
bombardment of the long-term radioactive
Earth during the early decay):
stages of formation. If its main sources are the
you hit a hammer on four long-lived isotopes
hard surface several (large half-life), namely
times, the metal in the K40, Th232, U235 and
hammer will heat up U238 that made a
(kinetic energy into heat continuing heat source 4
Estimated internal temperature of
the Earth

• Core-mantle boundary:
3,700°C
• Inner-core – outer-core
boundary:
6,300°C±800°C
• Earth’s center:
6,400°C±600°C

5
Three Types of
Heat Transfer
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation

6
Redistribution of the
Earth’s heat

Convection:
Heat transfer by
means of motion of
fluids
In the mantle of the
Earth, convection
occurs.

7
Redistribution of the
Earth’s heat

Conduction:
Heat is transferred
directly through a
material

In the lithosphere of
the Earth, conduction
occurs.

8
 MAGMA

✢Hot, ✢ Mixture of ✢Formed

molten liquid by the
rock rock, melting
minerals,
and
of earth's
dissolved mantle
gases
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 MAGMA FORMATION

rocks begin to melt

Magma forms when Temperature and
at a temperature
rocks reach Pressure is a major
between 800 and
temperatures high factor in the
1200 degrees
enough to melt them. formation of magma
Celsius

10
 How is heat transferred in the activity? Give
evidence for your answer.

Answer: Convection is shown by the presence of

mounds and cracks in between the mounds.
Radiation is illustrated by the emitted gas
directly above the heat source. Conduction is
evidenced by the submerging chocolate
powder along the rims of the pan.
11
Describe what happens to the powder when the water
starts to boil. Explain why this occurs.

Answer: The chocolate powder starts to rise, forming a

conical shape then cracks and emits gas. Slowly, the
chocolate powder around it starts to subside and get
wet. The heat source is directly beneath this zone so
the hotter water is rising in that area. But since the
chocolate powder traps the water, the hot water starts
to move laterally under the chocolate powder, forming
the conical shape, before it manages to create a
crater where the water is released as gas.
12
 How does this activity relate to the formation of
magma?

Answer: The water represents the asthenosphere, the

chocolate powder represents the lithosphere and the
candles represent heat sources. Magma is formed
directly above the heat sources due to relatively higher
temperature. Through convection, heat is transferred
to other
places. And since there are several heat sources,
several convection cells develop. Where the colder
portions of two convection cells meet, cracks form
because the materials are13 being pulled downwards by
14
 Maps

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Let’s review some concepts
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the deep and because of this it
lemons. In the sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is found green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
between green and spectrum. courage.
orange.
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the deep and because of this it
lemons. In the sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is found green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
between green and spectrum. courage.
orange.
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