TIDAL AND HYDEL

ENERGY
BY: Mahima Kamra
 What is Tidal Energy?

•Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that

converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms
of power, mainly electricity.
•Tidal Energy or Tidal Power as it is also called utilizes
large amounts of energy within the oceans tides to
generate electricity. It is an “alternative energy” that can
also be classed as a “renewable energy source”, as the
Earth uses the gravitational forces of both the moon and
the sun everyday to move vast quantities of water around
the oceans and seas producing tides.
BRIEF HISTORY OF TIDAL ENERGY

•The oldest, excavated tide mill is dated to the year 619 A.D. It was
discovered at Northern Ireland’s Nendrum Monastery on Mahee Island
in Strangford Lough. The power generated by this mill was probably
used for grinding grain.
• By the 18th century, 76 tide mills were being used in London alone.
 How are Tides Generated?
•When the earth and the moons
gravity line up with each other, the
influences of these two gravitational
forces becomes very strong and
causes millions of gallons of water to
move or flow towards the shore
creating a “high tide” condition.
Likewise when the earth and the
moons gravity are at 90o to each other,
the influences of these two
gravitational forces is weaker and the
water flows away from the shore,
creating a “low tide” condition.
 •Tidal energy transforms water in motion into a clean
energy. The motion of the tidal water, driven by the pull of
gravity, contains large amounts of kinetic energy in the
form of strong tidal currents called tidal streams.
How Tidal •The movement of the sea water is harnessed in a similar
Energy way using waterwheels and turbines to that used to
generate hydro electricity. But because the sea water can
generates flow in both directions in a tidal energy system, it can
generate power when the water is flowing in and also when
Electricity it is ebbing out. Therefore, tidal generators are designed to
produce power when the rotor blades are turning in either
direction. However, the cost of reversible electrical
generators are more expensive than single direction
generators.
Types of Tidal generation systems:
• Tidal Barrage : This involves construction of a
fairly low dam wall, known as a “barrage”,
across the entrance of a basin creating a tidal
reservoir. This dam has a number of underwater
tunnels allowing sea water to flow through
them in a controllable way using “sluice gates”.
Fixed within the tunnels are huge water turbine
generators that spin as the water rushes past
them generating tidal electricity.
 Tidal Turbines / Streams: This system is very
similar in principal to wind power generation,
except this time water currents flow across a
turbines rotor blades which rotates the turbine,
much like how wind currents turn the blades for
wind power turbines.
Tidal streams are formed by the horizontal fast
flowing volumes of water caused by the ebb and
flow of the tide as the profile of the sea bed
causes the water to speed up as it approaches
the shoreline.
 Advantages and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Is a renewable energy resource. Not always a constant energy source.
Low Noise Pollution. High power distribution costs.
High predictability. Only generates power ten hours a day.
Has the potential to produce a great deal of Danger to fish and other sea-life.
free and green energy
Not expensive to operate and maintain.
 Efficiency of tidal energy

Tidal energy is 80% efficient when it comes to converting water energy into
electricity. Compare that to burning coal (which scores a pretty
useless 33% efficiency) and you can see why it’s such a good option.
 HYDEL ENERGY
What is Hydel Energy?
How is Electricity generated from water.
Advantages/ Disadvantages
Parts of a Hydroelectric Plant
Types of Hydro Plants
What is Hydel Energy?
•When electricity is generated
from flowing water, this is
called hydroelectric energy, and
the prefix 'hydro' refers to water,
whereas the suffix ’el’ refers to
electricity.
•A hydroelectric power station
converts the kinetic, or movement,
energy in flowing or falling water
into electrical energy that can be
used in homes and businesses.
 •Water collects on the upstream side of the dam, forming an artificial
lake known as a reservoir.
•When an intake opens, the immense weight of the reservoir forces
water through a channel towards a turbine.
How is • The water rushes past the turbine, hitting its blades and causing it to
spin.
•A shaft connects the turbine to a generator, so when the turbine spins,
electricity so does the generator.
•The generator uses an electromagnetic field to convert this mechanical
generated energy into electrical energy.

by water?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydel Energy

Advantages Disadvantages
 It is renewable.  Environmental Consequences.
 It is green.  Droughts.
 Flexible.  Limited Reservoirs.
 Safer than other forms of energy.  Expensive.
Parts of a Hydroelectric Plant
• Dam : Raises the water level of the river to
create falling water. Also controls the flow of
water.
• Turbine: The turbine converts the kinetic
energy of falling water into mechanical energy.
• Generator: Connected to the turbine by shafts
so when the turbine spins the generator spins
also. Converts the mechanical energy from the
turbine into electric energy.
• Transmission lines: Conduct electricity from
the hydropower plant to homes and business.
 Types of Hydroelectric
Plants
• Run of River Hydro Plants: Run-of-the-river
hydroelectric systems are hydroelectric
systems that harvest the energy from
flowing water to generate electricity in the
absence of a large dam and reservoir. A small
dam may be used to ensure enough water
goes in the penstock. Run-of-the-river
primarily uses the natural flow rate of water
to generate power—instead of the power of
water falling a large distance.
 Pumped Storage Hydro Plants: In
this, reversible pump turbine and
penstock arrangement exchanges
the water between head (upper
reservoir) and tail reservoirs. In
case of low electricity demand
water is pumped from tail pond to
the head pond by hydraulic
machines. This is done by utilizing
the power which is generated from
fuel fired plants.
 IMPOUNDMENT
•An impoundment facility, uses
a dam to store river water in a
reservoir. Water released from
the reservoir flows through a
turbine, spinning it, which in
turn activates a generator to
produce electricity. The water
may be released either to meet
changing electricity needs or to
maintain a constant reservoir
level.
SIZE OF HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS

 LARGE HYDROELECTRIC PLANT:

Although no official definition exists for the capacity

range of large hydroelectric power stations, facilities
from over a few hundred megawatts are generally
considered large hydroelectric facilities.
Currently, only four facilities over 10 GW (10,000 MW)
are in operation worldwide

THREE GORGES DAM, CHINA (22500 MW)

SMALL HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS

The definition of a small hydro project varies but a

generating capacity of up to 10 megawatts (MW) is
generally accepted as the upper limit of what can be
termed small hydro. This may be stretched to 25 MW
and 30 MW in Canada and the United States.

PERTHSHIRE, SCOTLAND
MICRO HYDROELECTRIC PLANT

Micro hydro is a term used for hydroelectric

power installations that typically produce up
to 100 kW of power. These installations can provide
power to an isolated home or small community, or are
sometimes connected to electric power networks.

VIETNAM
 Bibliography
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power
 https://www.power-technology.com/features/tidal-energy-advantages-and-disadvantages/
 http://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/tidal-energy/tidal-energy.html
 https://www.studentenergy.org/topics/tidal-power
 https://www.first-utility.com/the-blog/tidal-energy
 https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2017/07/27/tidal-energy-all-renewables-are-not-created-
equal/#10f7f0d04f4e
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/hydroelectric-energy-definition-uses-advantages-
disadvantages.html
 http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/renew/hydel.htm
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/hydroelectric-energy-definition-uses-advantages-
disadvantages.html
 http://www.ques10.com/p/7001/what-is-hydel-energy-explain-briefly-the-process-1/
 https://www.toppr.com/bytes/hydroelectric-energy/