PRESENTATION

CREATED BY
AKSHAY SAWANSUKHA
1) Abstract
2) Introduction
3) Description
4) Futurescope
5) Conclusion
6) Reference
1) Centrifugal casting process is a subject which is
emerging in the present foundries. The reason for this
topic being chosen is to get theoretical knowledge of
centrifugal casting process and machines.
2) In this report all centrifugal casting methods, processes
and the machines being used are discussed. An
installation design, different types of molds and pouring
process are also studied. This subject is becoming very
popular in the casting of pressure controlling parts such
as valves and actuators.
Casting is the process whereby liquid or molten
material is poured into a mold and permitted to
solidify. The mold and casting are separated
from each other. Molds are frequently made of
sand or other ceramic materials, although they
may also be made of metal or carbon
(graphite). The latter type of mold, whether
metal or graphite, is referred to as “permanent
mold” because it is reusable for making a large
number of castings. Ceramic or sand molds, by
contrast, produce only one cast of metal and
are then destroyed; new molds must be made
for each cycle of casting.
There are to basic classes of centrifugal casting
machines: Vertical and horizontal; These terms are
related to the position of the rotation axis of the
machines.
There are three methods for the utilization of
centrifugal force for casting. All are referred to as
“centrifugal casting’’, though more specifically we
can distinguish between them as follows.
Where no core is used, essentially all of the heat is extracted from
the molten metal through the outer mold wall. The poor thermal
conductivity of the air in contact with the internal diameter results in
little heat loss from this direction. Thus, we obtain perfect direction
solidification from the outside inward and grain growth is typically
columnar. Because of favorable thermal gradients, in addition to the
outward centrifugal force acting upon the molten each successive
increment of metal to solidity is fed by the residual liquid metal in
contact with it until solidification is complete. Under proper
conditions, shrinkage porosity is non-extent.
This type of casting is “true centrifugal casting”. Perfect directional
solidification exists with little or no effort on the part of the operator.
It is due to the conformation of the mold. True directional
solidification usually exists in all cylindrical castings.
FIGURE:TRUE CENTRIFUGAL
CASTING
This is very similar to Method I; however, due to the irregular contour of
the internal bore, it is necessary to use a core. Solidification occurs in
both in ward and outward direction, with the consequent problem of
centerline soundness. Feeding, however, is enhanced by centrifugal
force and is equivalent to the use of very high risers. Gates of various
types may be used, some of which serve as a riser and others for the
directional f metal into mold cavity. Method II is adaptable to a wide
variety of cast parts such as jaw clutches, sheaves, gear blanks, casing
heads, and flanges.
Centrifugal casting is also used for the production of another type of
casing, one which has very thin metal section. Such casting would be
very difficult to pour statically, because the molten might solidify before
completely filling the mold cavity. The molten metal would not run into
the very thin casting sections; thus, the casting would not be complete.
By using centrifugal force in pouring the metal into the spinning mold,
the additional force added to the normal static pressure head causes
the metal to flow into the thin or narrow casting section.
FIGURE:SEMI CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
In this method (usually done vertically but sometimes
horizontally) , there is a central spruce at the axis of
rotation of the mold. Mold cavities are clustered about
the central spruce in a symmetrical array, each
connected to the spruce by one or more radial gates.
Since conditions are not designed to promote ideal
directional solidification, it is necessary to apply skill
and ingenuity in gating so as to promote solidification
from remote points of the casting towards the gate
(which also acts as the riser). Usually only small
castings such as union, valve bodies, gates, plugs,
and intricate parts are cast by this method.
FIGURE:CENTRIFUGING CASTING
 :

1) Microstructure analysis of samples will help to

co-relate the effect of size, shape and
distribution of micro constituents on mechanical
properties of Al-Si alloy .
2) Using Image analysis or SEM (Scanning
Electron Microscope), the morphology of Si
particles throughout the casting can be studied.
3)The effect of size, shape and dispersion of
primary Si in Al on wear rate and mechanical
properties can be studied and can be analyzed if
there exist any relation between morphology of
microstructure and mechanical properties.
4) With the help of images of microstructure,
concentration of Si particles in radial direction
can be observed.
The parameters in this report are introduced and
discussed to get a brief and “to the point” behaviors
of centrifugal casting machines & centrifugal casting
process. As the whole industrial zone is switching
towards silicon wave of automation it is but essential
to work for the core technological issues in
mechanical industries. Now onwards, power sector
will have a tremendous demand and responsibility so
industries like ONGC, BHEL and others who are in
the manufacturing of products such as valves,
actuators have adopted this centrifugal casting
technology.
[1] Adedipe Oyewole and Abolarin Matthew Sunday
"DESIGN & FABRICATION OF
CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE"
International Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology (IJEST)
[2]Eurico Seabra, Joaquim Barbosa, Hélder Puga
"DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A
CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE FOR
PISTONS PRODUCTION" 13th International
Congress on Project Engineering, (Badajoz, July
2009)
[3] G. Chirita, I. Stefanescu, J. Barbosa, H. Puga, D.
Soares1 and F. S. Silva
"On assessment of processing variables in
vertical centrifugal casting technique",
International Journal of Cast Metals Research 2009