INTRODUCTION

TO
COMPUTER
Operating System
Prepared by: Israr Ahmed
Contents
 Definition and types of Software
 Operating Systems
 PC Operating Systems
 Network Operating Systems
 Embedded Operating Systems
 Software
 Software is a set of programs which is
designed to perform a well define function.
A program is a sequence of instructions
written to solve a particular problem.
 Types of Software
System Software
• The system software is collection of programs
designed to operate, control and extend the processing
capabilities of the computer. System software is
generally prepared by computer manufactures.
Examples: BIOS, Operating System

Application Software
• The application software is a set of programs designed
to satisfy a particular need of end user. It is dependent
on system software to execute. Examples: MS Word,
MS Excel, Library Management System, Billing
System etc.
 Operating System
 An operating system is
a software that
manages computer
hardware resources and
provides common
services for computer
programs. The OS is an
essential component of
system software in a
computer system.
 Types of Operating System
• Very fast and small in size
• Also called embedded OS
Real Time • Used to run real time
applications in medical
diagnostics equipments

Single user • Allows single user to perform

just one task at a time.
Single • Examples: MS DOS, Palm OS
Tasking
 Types of Operating System

Single User • Allows single user to perform two or

more functions at once.
Multi • Examples: Microsoft Windows,
Macintosh OS
Tasking

Multi User • Allow users to use programs that are

simultaneously running on a single
network server (terminal server).
Multi • Examples: Microsoft server OS,
UNIX, LINUX
Tasking
 Operating System Functions

 Displays the on-screen elements.

 Loads programs ( such as word, excel,
browser) in to the computer’s memory so
that you can used them.
 Coordinates how programs work with
computer’s hardware and other software .
 Manage the information storage on disks.
 Operating System Functions
User Interface:
 When you work on a computer, you see and
use a set of items on the screen, these items
are called the user interfaces.
 Types of user interface
1) Graphical User Interface

2) Command Line Interface

 Operating System Functions
 Graphical User Interfaces:
Operating System Functions
 Command-Line Interfaces:
 Utility Software
 Operating systems are designed to do the
tasks such as managing files, loading
programs, printing documents and so on,
but software developers are constantly
creating new programs that enhance or
extend the operating system capabilities, are
called Utilities.
 Examples: Backup Utilities, Antivirus,
Firewall, Screen Savers etc….
 PC Operating Systems
 DOS (Disk Operating System)
 MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating
System)
 Windows NT (New Technology)
 Windows 9X ( 95, 98, Me)
 Windows 2000 Professional
 Windows XP
 Windows Vista
 Windows 7
 Network Operating System
 Windows NT Server
 Windows 2000 Server
 Windows Server 2003
 Windows Server 2008
 Novell NetWare
 Unix Server
 Linux Server
 Embedded Operating Systems
 Windows XP Embedded
 Windows CE .Net
 Palm OS
 Pocket PC OS
 Symbian
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 Application Software
 The application software is a set of
programs designed to satisfy a particular
need of end user. It is dependent on system
software to execute.
 Types of application software
1) Word Processing Programs

2) Spreadsheet Programs

3) Presentation Programs
 Word Processing Programs

 A word processing program ( also called

word processor) provides tools for creating
all kind of text-based documents.
 Microsoft word is the most popular word
processing program.
 Word Processing Program

Microsoft Word Functions

 Entering & Editing Text
 Find & Replacing Text
 Formatting Text
 Working with images
 Working with tables
 Saving a document
 Printing a document
 Spreadsheet Programs
 A spreadsheet program is a software tool for
entering, calculating, manipulating and
analyzing sets of numbers.
 Microsoft Excel is one of the most
commonly used spreadsheet application.
 Spreadsheet Programs
Microsoft Excel Functions
 Entering data in worksheet
 Selecting Cells, Rows and Columns
 Copy and deleting cell content
 Sorting Rows and Columns
 Arithmetic Calculations
 Formatting Cell
 Working with Charts
 Printing Worksheets
 Presentation Programs
 Presentation programs enable the user to
design slides – single screen images that
contain a combination of text, numbers and
graphics that can be displayed in various
ways and used to support any type of
discussion.
 Presentation Programs
Microsoft Power Point Functions
 Creating Slides
 Applying Speaker Notes
 Applying Transitions
 Applying Animations
 Presentation Slide Shows