Andrei Lozzi 2017 Most shafts are supported

at 2 bearings.
These bearings have to
provide axial and radial
support in a manner that
does not over-constrain the
shaft. That is, together they
allow only one degree of
freedom for the shaft, ie its
rotation.
Over-constraint may take
place where 2 bearings may
be set up to provide the
same function. If proper
tolerances are not provided
such bearings may in fact
provide a load for each
other.
1
Large conveyor drive pulleys.

This is our example for the

analysis of a drive shaft

2
A hot hammer forged shaft blank, apparently intended to have integral
gears or couplings at its end. The compressive residual stresses are
useful in reducing tensile fatigue failures originating from its surface.
3
An older but
still operational
elevator drive,
with worm gear
box, and bronze
plain slide
bearing

4
 Drive motor
Inching gear drive
for maintenance

Grain elevator

Thruster brake

5
Gear coupling. Necessary to allow
acceptable alignment between the output
shafts of the gear box to input shaft of the
grain elevator

These are guaranteed

misalignments

6
A Cooper bearing, that is split horizontally, through inner and outer
tracks, for ease of removal & replacement. A rare and expensive bearing.
7
 2 Dimensional
misalignments

In 2016 for the

first time, we
In 3 Dimensions - from the CL of used the coupling
the steering wheel shaft, to the shown here, in
CL of the steering rack’s pinion, our steering
there are 5 independent degrees
of freedom, that have to allowed
for, exactly !

Two universal joints one sliding joint

will do. But, for some USYD designers,
all can be done with an adjustment in
just 1 dimension (sarcasm) !

8
 Even Gordon Murry an
Englishman, for the McLaren
F1 team understood the
problem and the solution.

Porsche knows how to do it

In F1 $12000 is spent to save 1 kg

(the Economist magazine).
9
The use of shaft mounted
gearbox as shown here,
have become very popular.
This is largely because if the
box and the shaft are not
mounted separately their
alignment is difficult to
guarantee. The weight due
to the box typically causes
an insignificant increase in
shaft stresses.

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Since these are
solid couplings,
this is essentially
a shaft mounted
gear box
17
 Locomotive drive motor and
axle set. Note motor is fixed to
chassis while wheel’s axle
moves with the track.

Ring gear
coupling
18
Pin and rubber coupling
An example of a shaft (or may be called hinge pin, even an axle) where
shear stresses may be as significant as bending stresses.

19
Means of reducing bending moments and stress concentration where a shaft
enters a boss or housing

20
In nearly all shafts
deflection is closely
constrained, yet there
are instances where the
shaft is designed to be
rigid in torsion but not
in bending.

In some instances some

specific bending is part
of the shaft function,
and allowed in its
analysis.

21
Port Waratah & Korangang Island coal loaders A. lozzi 09

22
23
Australia is not short of
coal deposits.

Many years ago this island

had high mountains and
extensive forests.

It looks like extreme

storms washed and pushed
large amount of vegetation
down to what may have
been the coast.

There it was covered with

sediment that excluded
oxygen, forming over
many years coal, gas and
maybe oil.

24