SUKKUR IBA UNIVERSITY

MERIT – QUALITY – EXCELLENCE

Course: Signals and Systems

Dr. Abdul Aziz Memon

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Email: aziz.memon@iba-suk.edu.pk
Timeline for paper presentation and project demonstration
Paper (Timeline) Matlab Based Project (Timeline)
20 pages min: (Either 1/2/3 Journal papers) Better than final year projects
10 sessional marks theory 10 sessional marks lab
Must follow assigned year and IEEE Journal paper Must search on Mathworks website
Paper title check and approved by me Rough idea about project title
14~16 January 2019 14~16 January 2019 (Meet me with project idea)
Presentation 10 pages (1st paper or half paper) Register project title (Get approved then google form)
28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019 28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019
(Must get appointment 1 week before) Keep sharing project progress every week (Important)
Presentation 10 pages (2nd paper or rest of half paper) 1st Project demo
4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week 4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before) before)
Presentation 10 pages (3rd paper or Full paper) Final Project demo
8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week before) 8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week before)
Repeat if required Improve if required

Slide # 2
Convolution contents covered
• Time invariant
• Time shift in input signal, only shifts output signal
• Linear system
• Follows property of superposition
• y3=y1+y2
• Signals in the form of impulses
• Impulse response is denoted by h(t), h[n] 

• Convolution sum y[n]  x[n]* h[n]   x[k ]h[n  k ]  y[n]

k 


• Convolution integral y (t )  x (t )* h(t )   x( )h(t   )d

 Slide # 3
Fourier series contents covered


x(t )  
ae
ak e jkwt
x(t )  k
jkwt
k 
T T 
k 
 x(t )e
 jnwt
dt    ak e jkwt e  jnwt dt
0 0 k 

x(t )  e jwt for k  n

  1

 jkwt
ak 
y (t )   x( )h(t   )d   h( ) x(t   )d
x (t ) e dt
TT
 
a0  mean, average, DC value
 

   
jw( t   ) jw( t   )
y (t )  h ( ) e d  h ( ) e d a1, a1 : with such terms, there is fundamental period
 

y (t )  e jwt  h( ) e jw d  H ( jw) e jwt


H ( jw) is known as frequency response

Slide # 4
Convergence of Fourier series
• Fourier series can be used to represent extremely large class of
periodic signals
• Yet some periodic signals can’t be represented using F.S.
• Three conditions to know if signal can be represented by F.S.
• Dirichlet conditions

Slide # 5
Dirichlet condition 1
• For F.S. representation, signal should integrable over it’s period.

• Integration of 1/t =ln(t)+C

• ln (1) – ln (0)
• Undefined

• Since integration of function is required to find F.S. coefficients

• Practically signals have finite amplitude and their F.S. exist Slide # 6
Dirichlet condition 2
• For F.S. representation, there should be finite number of minima
and maxima during single period of signal.

• This kind of signal can’t be represented using F.S.

Slide # 7
Dirichlet condition 3
• For F.S. representation, there should be finite number of
discontinuities during single period of signal.

Slide # 8
Gibbs phenomenon for signals with jump discontinuity
• Rectangular wave has jump discontinuity.
• His observations:
• With more F.S. Terms:
• More accurate approximation of signal
• Ripples move toward jump discontinuity
• Value of F.S. constructed signal at jump
discontinuity is average of both values

Slide # 9
Home work: Fourier series
• F.S. of 1 will have only one term (a subscript 0) with mean
value of 1

• If impulses are repeating after T period then

• a subscript k = 1/T for all values of k

Slide # 10
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 1. Linearity

Ax(t )      Aak

cos( wt )      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
A cos( wt )      a1  A / 2, a1  A / 2
A cos( wt )  B cos( wt )      a1  ( A  B ) / 2, a1  ( A  B) / 2
Slide # 11
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
• 2. Time shifting

Slide # 12
Properties of continuous time Fourier series
cos( wt )      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
1 jw( t  to )) 1  jw( t  to ))
cos( w(t  to ))  e  e
2 2
 jkwto  jkwto
e e
cos( w(t  to ))      a1  , a1 
2 2
 jkwto  jkwto
e e
cos( w(t  to ))     | a1 || | 1/ 2,| a1 || | 1/ 2
2 2
Shift in time domain does not change magnitude
of a_k terms, but it adds phase angle. Slide # 13
Properties of continuous time
1
Fourier
1
series
 jwt
• 3. Frequency shift cos( wt )  e jwt
 e      a1  1/ 2, a1  1/ 2
2 2
???      a1 k  3  a2  1/ 2, a1 k  3  a4  1/ 2
1 j 2 wt 1 j 4 wt
e  e      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2
2 2
1  jwt j 3 wt 1 jwt j 3wt
( e e  e e )      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2
2 2
j 3 wt 1  jwt 1 jwt
e ( e  e )      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2
2 2
e j 3 wt cos( wt )      a2  1/ 2, a4  1/ 2

Slide # 14
 QUIZ 02
NEXT Week
Before Mid-II
LMS Based
(Must Bring Laptops)
Slide # 15