EDUCATION System in

Pakistan
5 December , 2008

1
1
 Contents

PART - I
• Constitution of Pakistan
• Organization & Functions
PART – II
• Education Scenario
• Financing
• Education Policy
• Other Programmes

2
Constitution of Pakistan

3
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b

“The State shall remove illiteracy and

provide free and compulsory secondary
education within minimum possible
period”

Concurrent Legislative List:

Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy,
centres of excellence, standard of
education & Islamic education
4
Functions and
Organizations

5
Major Functions of Ministry of Education
Under Rules of Business 1973

• National policies, plans and programmes in education.

Development of curricula and textbooks.
• International aspects of education.
• External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and diplomas.
• Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas and
AJ&K.
• Financial assistance to educationists and men of letters.
• National libraries.
• Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.
• Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign students in
Pakistan.

Continue… 6
• International exchange of students and teachers.
• Foreign studies and training. International assistance.
• Administration of Selective Federal educational institutions.

Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federal

supervision of curricula, textbooks and
maintenance of standards of education.

7
 Millennium Development Goals
(2001)
1. Ensuring that by 2015 all children,
particularly girls, children in difficult
circumstances and those belonging to ethnic
minorities, have access to and complete free
and compulsory primary education of good
quality

2. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and

secondary education by 2005, and achieving
gender equality in education by 2015, with a
focus on ensuring girls’ full and equal access
to and achievement in basic education of
good quality
8
 Functions of Administration Wing
 Recruitment / appointments / promotions / transfers / grant of
leave and pension to employees of main Ministry.
 Rules and regulations for appointments, promotions, transfers
etc. in main Ministry.
 Maintenance of CR dossiers / ICP Charts / declaration of assets
of officers of Ministry.
 Disciplinary cases, Courts and Wafaqi Mohtasib cases.
 Administrative and financial matters of Federal Board of
Intermediate and Secondary Education and Pakistan National
Commission for UNESCO, Inter Board Committee of Chairmen,
Islamabad.
 Administrative matters / budget of Education Division.
 Processing of release of funds and reconciliation of expenditure.

Continue… 9
 Functions of Administration Wing

 Public Accounts Committee, Departmental Accounts Committee,

Audit observations and Internal Audits.
 Business relating to the Parliament / Cabinet and other organs of
State.
 Follow-up of President’s and Prime Minister’s Directives.
 Inter-Ministerial and Intra-Ministerial Coordination.
 Redressal of public grievances relating to Ministry and its
organizations.
 Matters pertaining to Pakistan Boys Scouts Association and
Pakistan Girls Guides Association.
 Presidential Awards i.e. Izaz-i-Kamal, Izaz-i-Fazeelat and Izaz-i-
Sabqat etc.

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Functions of Policy & Planning Wing
 Formulation of National Policies, Plans and Programs.
 Process all development schemes (DDWP, CDWP, ECNEC).
 Organize Inter-Provincial Education Secretaries/Ministers'
meetings.
 Prepare and monitor implementation of PSDP, Medium Term
Plan (MTP) and Perspective Plan (PP).
 Coordinate release of funds with Finance Div., Planning &
Development Div. and AGPR.
 Monitoring and evaluating education sector expenditures.
 Assist and coordinate with Provincial Education, Finance and
Planning Departments and District Governments to develop
education sector plans.
 Collection of statistics.

Continue… 11
 Functions of Policy & Planning Wing

 Surveys and research studies.

 Laison with development partners, within government and
foreign donors and institutions.
 Negotiate external economic assistance.
 Prepare reports for media, budget speech, Economic
Survey, year book etc.
 Disseminate government policies, plans, and programs
among all development partners and stakeholders.
 Develop and Maintain Ministry’s website.
 Oversee functioning of Academy for Educational Planning
and Management.

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 Functions of Curriculum Wing

Curriculum Wing has been empowered through Federal

Supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Maintenance of
Standards of Education Act, 1976:
 To prepare or cause to be prepared [1] schemes of studies,
[2] curricula, [3] manuscripts of textbooks and [4] schedules
or strategy for their introduction in accordance with the
education policy.
 To approve manuscripts of textbooks produced by other
agencies before they are prescribed.
 To direct any person or agency to delete, amend or withdraw
any portion, or the whole, of the curriculum, textbook or
reference material.

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 Functions of Projects Wing
 Monitoring of projects.
 Collaboration between FIUs & PIUs.
 Interact with donor agencies/partners/stakeholders.
 Evaluation of projects.
 Management and release of project funds.
 Implementation of various projects (GoP and foreign
funded).

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 Functions of Training Wing
 Teacher Training and Education-In-service and Pre-service
 Training Programmes in collaboration with donors agencies.
 Science Olympiads and fairs in collaboration with Intel and
universities etc.
 Foreign and local scholarships.
 International Cooperation and Cultural Exchange Programs.
 Coordination / NOC to foreign students for admission in Pakistan
on self finance.
 Management of educational institutions in ICT.
 Administrative, financial and legal matters of following
institutions:
 National Institute of Science and Technical Education,
Islamabad
 Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad

 Federal College of Education, Islamabad

 Polytechnic Institute for Women, Islamabad

Continue… 15
 Functions of Training Wing

 National Education Foundation, Islamabad

 National Museum of Science and Technical Education, Lahore
 Colombo Plan Staff College, Manila, Philippine
 Technical Panel on Teacher Education, Islamabad
 Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Karachi
 National College of Arts, Lahore
 Sindh Madressah-tul-Islam, Karachi
 Department of Libraries

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Functions of Monitoring & Evaluation Cell

 To monitor induction of modern education in Madaris and the

working of NGO’s.
 To improve working of various organizations by suggesting
measures based on performance.
 To identify areas in which performance has been unsatisfactory,
alongwith suggestions for improvement.
 Keep Secretary / Minister informed on proper observance and
implementation of procedures in various departments,
particularly financial discipline.
 Monitor and prevent losses due to fraud, misappropriation,
pilferage, misuse and theft.
 Keep Secretary / Minister informed of any activities prejudicial
to the public interest and state of discipline and morale of
students and employees.

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 Functions of PMU
PMU will closely oversee all stages and aspects of planning, resource
mobilization, monitoring and coordination of all development projects
including ESR Programme at Federal, Provincial and District level.
Main Functions of PMU
 Ensure timely release of funds to line departments.
 Evolve Monitoring mechanism to gauge the out-puts/out-comes of
development Projects.
 To collect quarterly monitoring reports containing physical as well as
financial achievements.
 To ensure optimum and efficient utilization of the budget.
 To evaluate achievement of programme objectives and targets.
 To suggest and supervise remedial measures to improve effectiveness
and efficiency of the programme.

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 Pakistan Chairs Abroad
1. Quaid-e-Azam Distinguished Professorship at Columbia University,
USA.
2. Quaid-e-Azam Studies Chair, University of California, Berkeley,
USA.
3. Quaid-e-Azam Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.
4. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.
5. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Humboldt University, Germany.
6. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Al-Azhar University, Cairo,
Egypt.
7. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo,
Egypt.
8. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Kazakh Albai Khan University
of International Relations and World Languages, Almaty,
Kazakhistan.
Continue… 19
 Pakistan Chairs Abroad

9. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ankara University, Turkey.

10. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tehran University, Iran.
11. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tribhuvan University,
Katmandu, Nepal.
12. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Jordan University,
Amman.
13. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Peking University,
Beijing, China.
14. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Bapist University, Hong
Kong.
15. Allama Iqbal Research chair in Urdu and Arabic, King Saudi
University, Saudi Arabia.

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Area Study Centres For:
1. Central Asia, University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
2. South Asia, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
3. Far East and South East Asia, University of Sindh.
4. Europe, University of Karachi, Karachi.
5. Middle East and Arab Countries, University of Balochistan,
Quetta.
6. Africa, North and South America, Quaid-e-Azam University,
Islamabad.

Pakistan Study Centres at Universities of Punjab,

Sindh, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta & Q. A. University

Shaikh Zayed Islamic Centres, University of Punjab,

Karachi & Peshawar.
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 Centres of Excellence
1. Psychology – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
2. Mineralogy – University of Balochistan, Quetta.
3. Analytical Chemistry – University of Sindh, Jamshoro.
4. Water Resources Engineering – University of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore.
5. Arts & Design – Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology, Jamshoro.
6. Marine Biology – University of Karachi, Karachi.
7. History and Culture – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
8. Molecular Biology – University of the Punjab, Lahore.
9. Gender Studies – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
10. Geology – University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
11. Physical Chemistry – University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
12. Solid State Physics – University of the Punjab, Lahore.

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 PART – II
EDUCATION SCENARIO

23
 Human Development Index
Ranking
Country (out of 177 countries)
2005 2006 2007
Iran 99 96 94
Sri Lanka 93 93 99
Maldives 96 98 100
India 127 126 128
Bhutan 134 135 133
Pakistan 135 134 136
Bangladesh 139 137 140
Nepal 136 138 142
Source: Human Development Reports, 2005-06 & 2007-08, UNDP
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 Literacy Rates
47%
67%
Pakistan: 55%
Male: 67% 28%
Female: 42%

58%
67%
48% Literacy Definition
42% (As in 1998 Census)
58% “The ability of a person
55% who can read a
22%
67% newspaper and write a
42% simple letter in any
language”
Sources: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2006-07 25
 Educational Institutions by Level
Level Total Public Private
Pre-primary 1,081 287 794
Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88
Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823
Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115
Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540
British System 281 11 270
NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823
Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857
Universities 116 59 57
Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831
Vocational 3,059 916 2,143
Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799
Others 3,120 2,241 879
TOTAL 227,791 151,772 76,019
(67%) (33%)
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Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP
 Institutions by Medium of Instruction

# of
Type
Institutions
Urdu English Sindhi Others
Total 227,791 148065 22779 34168 22779
(65%) (10%) (15%) (10%)

Public 151,744 103,186 3,035 33,384 12,139

(68%) (2%) (22%) (8%)

Private 76,047 43,347 21,293 1,521 9,886

(57%) (28%) (2%) (13%)

Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP

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No. of Institutions, Enrolment, Teaching Staff
Educational
Non- Enrolment Teaching
Area Institutions
Functional (Million) Staff
Covered
Pakistan 227,791 12,737 33.5 1,356,802
Punjab 110,459 2,742 18.3 716,768
Sindh 51,006 3442 6.6 290,749
NWFP 37,761 1,781 5.2 198,893
Balochistan 10,986 306 1.1 50,893
ICT 1,189 23 0.4 19,387
FATA 5,145 123 0.6 22,079
Northern
3,977 128 0.4 15,196
Area
AJK 7,268 192 0.9 42,837
Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006
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 Enrolment (Million)
Province/Area Total Male Female Rural Urban
18.981 14.398 19.159 14.219
Pakistan 33.379
57% 43% 57% 43%
9.795 8.503 10.374 7.924
Punjab 18.298
54% 46% 57% 43%
3.844 2.707 2.551 4.001
Sindh 6.552
59% 41% 39% 61%
3.322 1.884 3.936 1.270
NWFP 5.206
64% 36% 76% 24%
0.713 0.396 0.662 0.447
Balochistan 1.110
64% 36% 60% 40%
0.208 0.181 0.090 0.300
ICT 0.390
53% 47% 23% 77%
0.440 0.165 0.605
FATA 0.605 -
73% 27% 100%
0.190 0.164 0.288 0.066
Northern Area 0.354
54% 46% 81% 19%
0.464 0.395 0.650 0.209
AJK 0.859
54% 46% 76% 24%
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Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006
 Deeni Madaris (Enrolment and Teaching Staff)

No. for
No. No. of Teaching
Area which Data Enrolment
Covered Refusals Staff
Collected
Pakistan 12,979 826 12,153 1,549,242 58,391
Punjab 5,459 159 5,300 674,281 24,977
Sindh 1,935 119 1,816 312,693 11,951
NWFP 2,843 275 2,568 336,983 12,058
Balochistan 769 99 670 65,597 2,891
ICT 77 15 62 10,557 657
FATA 135 43 92 14,162 481
FANA 1,193 39 1,154 88,540 3,160
AJK 568 77 491 46,429 2,216

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

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 Drop-out Rates
Enrolment Dropouts Enrolment Dropouts
1999-2000 1999-2000 2004-05 2004-05

Class 11-12 30.14% 0.023 Class 11-12 0.708 15.7% 0.111

0.076
Class 9-10 1.479 15.68% 0.232
1.311 22.41% 0.294
Class 9-10
Class 6- 8 3.323 15.9% 0.528
3.074
Class 6- 8 24.5% 0.753

Class 1-5 Class 1-5

14.829
12.480 53.0% 6.614
31.3% 4.641

Total: 16.941 Million Total: 7.684 Million Total: 20.339 Million Total: 5.512 Million

Total children eligible for enrolment (5-16): 44.340 million

Children who did not enroll (5-16): 24.001 million

Source: 1. National Institute of Population Studies, 2004-05, 2. NEMIS, M/o Education. 31

 Total schools upto Middle level
160,798

PAKISTAN
Missing Facilities

81,633
53,481 57,216
46,766 (50%) 9,776
(33%) (35%)
(29%) (6%)

No Boundary No Drinking No Electricity No Toilet No Building

Wall Water

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006 32

 Public Schools in Union Councils
Pakistan Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch. AJK FANA

Number of
Union 6,438 3,446 1,108 998 567 196 111
Councils
No. of Union
Councils 2,080 1,170 386 247 225 20 32
without
Boys High (32%) (34%) (35%) (25%) (40%) (10%) (29%)
School
No. of Union
Councils 3,919 2,014 780 619 374 45 87
without Girls (61%) (58%) (70%) (62%) (66%) (23%) (78%)
High School
No. of Union
Councils 5,880 3,215 993 816 567 178 111
without
Boys Higher (91%) (93%) (90%) (82%) (100%) (91%) (100%)
Sec. School
No. of Union
Council 6,053 3,243 1,046 911 567 175 111
without Girls
Higher Sec. (94%) (94%) (94%) (91%) (100%) (89%) (100%)
School 33
 Computer and Science Labs in High Schools

Total
Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch.
Pakistan
Total
number of 13,152 4,608 2,723 670 21,153
high schools
Without 4,030 1,362 1,256 476 7,124
Computer
Labs (31%) (29%) (46%) (71%) (34%)

Without 1,527 832 511 356 3,226

Science labs (12%) (18%) (19%) (53%) (15%)
Without 1,143 247 86 1,476
Science ---
Teachers (9%) (9%) (13%) (7%)

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Financing

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 Financing (Rs. billion)

% of Private % of
Year Recurring Development Total
GDP Sector GDP*

2000-01 69.5 6.4 75.9 1.82% 16.8 2.22%

2001-02 70.4 8.5 78.9 1.79% 22.0 2.28%

2002-03 79.5 10.4 89.9 1.86% 26.3 2.41%

2003-04 94.3 30.0 124.3 2.20% 31.1 2.75%

2004-05 106.6 33.3 139.9 2.13% 36.0 2.67%

2005-06 128.9 41.9 170.8 2.21% 40.7 2.74%

2006-07 160.0 56.6 216.6 2.48% 45.5 2.96%

2007-08 191.0 65.0 256.0 2.44%

* % of GDP including Private sector budget.

Source: Demands for grants, Budget books of Govt. of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP,
Balochistan & AJ&K. Federal Ministries/Divisions, District Governments.
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 EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF
GDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA

Country Percentage
Iran 4.7
India 3.8
Bangladesh 2.4
Maldives 7.5
Nepal 3.4
Pakistan 2.21 (05-06)
2.44(07-08)
Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008
37
Education Policy

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 Challenges
 Weakened Governance
 Fragmentation
 Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships
 Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers
 Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams
 Low level of literacy
 Out of school children
 Dropouts
 Public Private Partnership
 In-adequate financing
 Gender Equity
 Poor monitoring & evaluation
 Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools
 Inconvenient school location
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 SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL
EDUCATION POLICY
• Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education
• Promotion of Equity
• Minimum National Standards
• Relevance to Labour Market
• Sector Planning
• Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018
• Encourage Private sector
• Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education
• Improve Planning, Management and Implementation
Capacity
• Donor Harmonisation
• Overcoming Fragmented Governance
Continue… 40
• Bridging the Public Private Divide
• Improved Examination System
• Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) &
inclusive education.
• Achieve the MDG goals.
• All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level
• Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.
• High priority to reducing drop out rates
• Improved school environment
• Career Counselling at higher secondary level
• Develop national literacy curriculum
• Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

Continue… 41
• Pre-service & in-service teacher training
• Accreditation and certification of teachers
• Merit based teacher recruitment, professional
development, promotions & postings
• Curriculum development
• Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning
materials
• District Education Boards to be established for
managing schools
• Separate management & academic cadres

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1. Policy Reforms Undertaken
i. Highlights of New Scheme of Studies:

a. ‘Islamiat’ as an integrated subject in Classes I-II.

Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. ‘Ethics’
for non-Muslims.
b. Advanced ‘Islamic Studies’ in Classes IX-XII as an
elective subject.
c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII.
d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance
Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII.

Continue… 43
Highlights of New Scheme of Studies

e. History, Geography compulsory in Classes VI-VIII.

Includes history of sub-continent upto 1947. Post
1947 in Pak Studies.
f. Computer Literacy compulsory for Classes VI-VIII.
‘Computer Science’ elective subject in Classes IX-
X and a Group in Class XI-XII.
g. Choice of Arabic / Other Languages, Drawing,
Technology, Home Economics, Agriculture in
Classes VI to VIII.
h. Medical Technology Group (6 subjects) in Classes
XI & XII.

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ii. Review of Curriculum:

a. Curriculum being updated in view of new

Scheme of Studies, challenges of modern
world and job market.
b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified.
Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81.

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iii. New Textbook Policy:

Main features are:

 improved quality of education through quality
textbooks at affordable prices,
 competitive publishing of textbooks by public
& private publishers,
 textbook boards will become facilitating &
regulating authorities. Will approve textbooks.
 controversial material (cultural, religious,
ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks.

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iv. National Education Assessment
System (NEAS)

 to improve quality of education at

elementary level.
 to develop capacity in education
assessment.
 to measure learning achievements of
students in grades IV and VIII.
 Based on test results, education
system being rehashed.

47
v. Examination System:
a. Centralized Examination System.
b. Question papers will have 3 parts:
i. 20% objective.
ii. 50% short answers.
iii. 30% descriptive answers.
 Choice reduced to 33%.
 Papers based on curriculum, not textbooks.
 Teachers being trained to prepare children for
new pattern.
c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max of 2
subjects.
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vi. Access to Education

a. Free education and textbooks up to

secondary level.
b. To promote girls' education, future
primary schools to be co-education
with female teachers only.
c. Stipends to girl students at Middle
level.

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vii. Governance Reforms

a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM)

Conference, for uniformity at national level.
b. Colleges & Technical education schools
withdrawn from Districts and placed under
Provinces.
c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class.
d. Regulatory Authority for private educational
institutions in Islamabad.
e. Uniform academic session from 2009.

Continue… 50
f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory
from Class-1 onwards.

g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math

and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in
Urdu in all schools.

51
Thank you

52