foreign materials. • Pseudopodium- a temporary protusion process of the cytoplasm of a cell. It is an organ for locomotion. • Phospholipid- phosphorus containing complex lipids. It is a major constituents of cell. • Lipid- made up of protein and carbohydrate that constitutes the principal structural component of living cells. Salient Points • Good Cholesterol- known as HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). It reduces the risk of Atherosclerosis. • Bad Cholesterol- known as LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) • Glycolipid- lipid with carbohydrates • Glycoprotein- conjugated protein with carbohydrate as non protein group. • Epinephrine- pressure raising hormone,produces in adrenal gland. Model of Plasma Membrane Structure
The cell membrane functions as a semi-
permeable barrier, allowing very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of organically produced chemicals inside the cell. The most common molecule in the model is the phospholipid, which has a polar (hydrophilic) head and two nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails. These are aligned tail to tail so the nonpolar areas form a hydrophobic region between the hydrophilic heads on the inner & outer surface of the membrane. freeze-fracturing is able to split the bilayer. Cholesterol is embedded in the hydrophobic areas of the inner region, which aids in the flexibility of the membrane. Outer surface of the membrane (glycocalyx) tend to be rich in glycolipids, & function in the recognition of self. Folding of the membrane gives rise to microvilli, for increasing surface area for transport. TRANSPORT MECHANISMS - transfer of molecules from an area of higher kinetic energy to a lower kinetic energy. Factors affecting diffusion: temperature, pressure, presence of other solutes The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport transfer of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration.
What is the direction of water movement?
Please water me! transport is out of the cell http://highered .mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/ 120068/bio02. swf www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1. html