Promosi

kesehatan
di tempat
kerja

Page 1
 Pokok bahasan
1 Alasan & Pengertian promkes di tempat kerja

2 Faktor risiko masalah kes di tempat kerja

3 Prinsip dan strategi promkes di tempat kerja

4 Perencanaan promkes di tempat kerja

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 Why Plan for Occupational Health and
Safety ?

• Economic : Workplace injuries and poor

employee health are a significant cost to
industry
• Human : The fact that employee may be
injured or kill is an incentive to take all
reasonable steps to ensure the safest possible
workplace
• Legal : Occupational health and safety
legislation places a duty on employers to
ensure the health and safety of all their
employees
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 Some definition of occupational
health and safety program
• The promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations (ILO
and WHO, 1950)
• Nasional Occupational Health and Safety
commission Act 1985; The physiological
needs and well-being of persons engaged in
occupations, prevention related death and
trauma, protection risk, and rehabilitation

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 Risk Management
(Risk Factor)

“Risks”and “Hazards”
Hazards anything with the potential to
harm life, health or property
Risks The Potential outcomes of
hazards and possibility of injury, illness,
damage or loss occurring as a result of
hazards.

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 The Risk Management Process

• Define Scope
• Identify the risk
• Analyze the Risks
• Evaluate the Risks
• Control The Risk
• Monitor and review the process

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Define Scope of the Process Risk
Management
• Defining the external and internal stake
holders and their objective
• Defining the organizational context; which the
risk management policy to be implemented,
including what person’s responsibilities
• Establishing the risk management context
• The OHS policy
• The risk management plan

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 Identify the risk
(Critical step)

Hazards may be present in the work place

environment, equipment,substance and work
systems;
* Physical hazards
* Chemical hazards
* Ergonomic hazard
* Radiation hazards
* Psychological hazards
* Biological hazards
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Identifying the range of risks present in the
workplace involves activities;

 Checking records of injuries, accidents and

incidents to identify where accidents are most
likely occur
 referring to resources such as industry
standards and codes of practice that may help
to identify risks
 Conducting safety audits
 Establishing a regime of daily, weekly, monthly,
annualy safety cheeks and ispections
 Consulting with employees to fine where they
thing risks may exist

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 Analyze the Risks

• Risk analysis is the process of

identifying the likehood and
consequences of an event that is,
quantifying the risk, taking into account
existing controls. It can be done using
qualitative, quantitative or semi
quantitative process

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 Factors should be analyze

• Nature of operations carried out

• Substances used or generated
• Way work is organized
• Layout and condition of plant, equipment and
the work environment
• Training and knowledge needed to work safely
• Control measure currently in use

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 Evaluate the Risks

• Risk evaluating is the process

Of comparing quantified levels of risk
against established criteria and
parameters to determine if the level of
risk is acceptable and then to determine
priorities for treating/controlling that risk

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 Control The Risk
• Risk control is the process of:
– Identifying a range of options for controlling
risk
– Assessing their respective efficiency and
effectiveness
– Preparing risk control plan
– Implementing control plans
The primary aim of risk control is to
eliminate the risk

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 Designing health and safety
program
• Assessment of needs
– Some questions ;
•How effective health promotion?
•Do employees perceive a need for the program?
•What sosiodemographic characteristic?
•What are prevalence of risk among employees?
•What clinical indicator of risk?
•How utility and cost of medical services,
insurance?
Conducted health and safety survey
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Continue..

• Identifying and controlling hazard

• Investigating incidents and accidents
• Identifying specific organizational
problems

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Setting priorities and objective

• The cumulative of benefits of better

health (fewer absence, less frequencies
and less severe illness or disease)
• Intermediate results; greater awareness
and kowledge, improve behavior, rduced
risk

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 Activity Plan

• Education and training

• Control risk
– Eliminate risk ; by use less hazardous
substance, Subtitute machine, avoid the
use of certain process
– Combat risk; by engineering and giving
protection
– Minimize risk; by designing suitable system
of working, using personal protection
• Policy

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 KEPERAWATAN
KESEHATAN KERJA

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 KONDISI KEPERAWATAN
KESEHATAN KERJA SAAT INI
 Program-program K3 belum dilaksanakan
secara menyeluruh dan belum melibatkan
berbagai disiplin. Sebagai contoh untuk
profesi keperawatan, belum adanya perawat
dgn kualifikasi keperawatan kesehatan kerja
(OHN) di perusahan shg perawat umum yg
dipekerjakan shg tugas yg dilaksanakan
hanya berorientasi pada kuratif yakni
membantu di poliklinik perusahaan.

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 KONDISI KEPERAWATAN
KESEHATAN KERJA SAAT INI

 Latar belakang pendidikan perawat yang

belum mampu melaksanakan keperawatan
kesehatan kerja sebagaimana mestinya, shg
sangat sedikit sekali perawat dilibatkan dalam
membahas isu-isu kesehatan dan
keselamatan kerja
 Profesi lain dan pengusaha belum memahami
apa sesungguhnya peran tanggung jawab
perawat kesehatan kerja.
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KEPERAWATAN KESEHATAN
KERJA (OHN)
Keperawatan Kesehatan Kerja (OHN):
praktik spesialistik yg memberikan pelayanan
kes/kep kepada pekerja dan populasi pekerja
(AAOHM,1994 dalam HItchcock., Schubert &
Thomas, 1999).

Praktik ini merupakan perluasan dari praktik

keperawatan komunitas fokus pd promosi,
prevensi, proteksi dan rehabilitasi kesehatan
karyawan dalam konteks kesehatan dan
keselamatan kerja
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 KEPERAWATAN
KESEHATAN KERJA (OHN)
Keperawatan Kesehatan Kerja (OHN):
Sintesis dan aplikasi dari prinsip-prinsip
ilmu keperawatan, kedokteran dan
kesehatan lingkungan …(HItchcock.,
Schubert & Thomas, 1999).

Intervensi yg dilakukan terkait ketiga

prinsip ilmu tersebut.

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 PERAN PERAWAT
KESEHATAN KERJA

 Klinik (direct care)

 Edukasi
 Administrasi
 Peneliti

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 PERAN PERAWAT
KESEHATAN KERJA
Klinik:
 Pre-placement assessment
 Assessment of Individual, families &
workplace
 Annual physical assessment & diagnosis
 Treatment of acute minor illnesses
 Emergent care
 Counseling

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 PERAN PERAWAT
KESEHATAN KERJA
Edukasi:
 Identifikasi kebutuhan penyuluhan
 Mengembangkan program-program
promosi, prevensi, proteksi
kesehatan/penyuluhan
 Mengevaluasi hasil implementasi program-
program

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 PERAN PERAWAT
KESEHATAN KERJA
Administrasi:
 Menyiapkan rujukan dan follow-up kasus
 Monitor lingkungan kerja
 Implementasikan regulasi K3
 Informasikan kebutuhan terkait kesehatan
karyawan kepada menejer perusahaan
 Berbagai tugas administrasi untuk kelancaran
program K3

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 PERAN PERAWAT
KESEHATAN KERJA

Peneliti:
 Melakukan penelitian thd berbagai
strategi dalam meningkatkan kesehatan
karyawan.

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PELUANG PERAWAT DALAM K3
 Dalam era industri yg sangat kompepetitif
saat ini, kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja
merupakan salah satu perhatian dikalangan
industri
 Adanya standar internasional yg harus diikuti
seperti ISO 9000 series, ISO 14000, ISO
18000, dll
 Kualitas suatu produk juga ditentukan oleh
isu-isu yg berhubungan dgn manusia,
lingkungan dan kesejahteraan manusia
dimana produk tersebut dihasilkan
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PELUANG PERAWAT DALAM K3

 Pemerintah sudah mengeluarkan berbagai

kebijakan terkait K3, diperlukan perawat
dengan kualifikasi keperawatan kesehatan
kerja atau ketrampilan OHN memadai
 OHN merupakan salah satu spesialisasi dari
keperawatan komunitas yang perlu
dikembangkan di Indonesia untuk menjawab
peran yang demikian kompleks.

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 PENUTUP
 OHN merupakan salah satu anggota tim K3
yg perlu terlibat aktif dalam meningkatkan
kesehatan karyawan dan lingkungan kerja
mereka
 Perawat yg bekerja di perusahaan haruslah
benar-benar memahami dan melaksanakan
program K3 sesuai dengan kewenangannya
 Terlaksananya program K3 dengan baik akan
memberikan dampak ungkit thd produktifitas
perusahaan

Perlu perawat yg kompeten dan akontabel

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Thank You!

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