GAS INSULATED

SUBSTATION
By
Shuhaib Nassar
Roll no: 46
S5, EEE
REG No: 17030177

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Contents
1. Substation
2. Air Insulated Substation
3. Limitations Of Air Insulated Substations
4. Need For G.I.S
5. Introduction Of GIS
6. Definition Of GIS
7. Safety Of GIS
8. Gas Insulated Substations
Requirement
9. Site Selection Of GIS
10. Internal Equipments Of GIS
11. Properties Of SF6
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Contd…..
12. Advantages Of Gis
13. Disadvantages Of GIS
14. Application Of GIS
15. GIS Failure Static
16. Future Trends Of GIS
17. Conclusion

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SUBSTATION
 An assembly of apparatus installed to control transmission a
nd distribution of electric power

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Air Insulated Substation
 Air used as dielectric
 Normally used for outdoor substations
 In very few cases used as indoor substations
 Easy to expand
 Easy access

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Limitations Of A.I.S
 Large dimensions due to statutory clearences and poor diele
ctric strength of air
 Insulation damages with ambient conditions and susceptibil
ity to pollution
 Wastage of space
 Life of steel structures degrades
 Seismic instability
 Large planning and execution time
 Regular maintenance of substation is required

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Need for G.I.S
 Non availability of sufficient space
 Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at site
 Urban site(high rise building)
 High altitudes
 Limitations of A.I.S

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Introduction Of GIS
 GIS was first developed in various countries between 1968 to 1972.
 After about 5 years of experience, the use rate increased to about 20% of ne
w substation in countries where space is limited.
 It is Conventional substations requires, small installation size, protection ag
ainst atmospheric pollution and moisture, noiseless operation, nonexclusive
and flame resistant, reduced maintenance, minimum radio interference, but
totally enclosed substations using SF6 gas as insulation that are also known
as GIS. That is now in widespread use in the electrical power industry .

 Preferred for voltage ratings of 66kV,132kV,220kV and 400 kV and above

.

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Gas Insulated Substations (G.I.S)
 Definition :
 A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage substation in whi
ch the major structures are contained in a sealed environment with s
ulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as the insulating medium

 The Basic Principle Of Gas-insulated Equipment :

 It is the high-voltage current- carrying parts are within a metal encl
osure and are held in a concentric configuration by cast epoxy spac
er insulators.

 The space between the conductor and the enclosure is filled with s
ulfur hexafluoride gas under moderate pressure.

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Gas Insulated Substations
Safety :

 The live parts is supported on at resin insulators. Some of the insulators

are designed as barriers between neighboring modules such that the
gas does not pass through them.

 The GIS has gas-monitoring system. The gas density in each compar
tment is monitored.

 If pressure drops slightly, the gas is automatically tapped up with furthe

r gas leakage, the low-pressure alarm is sounded or automatic tripping o
r lock-out occurs.

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Gas Insulated Substations
Requirements

The requirement of GIS can be summarized as :

Conductors which conduct the main circuit current and transfer power thes
e are of copper or aluminum tubes.

Conductors need insulation above grounded enclosures, conductors also

need phase to phase insulation.

Gas filled modules have nonmagnetic enclosures, enclosures are of alu

minum alloy or stainless steel, adjacent modules are joined by means of
multi-bolts tightened on flanges.
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Gas Insulated Substations
Requirement
 Various circuit components in main circuit are: CB, Isolator, Earthing s
witches for conductors, CTs, VTs, cable-ends, Bushing-ends and Bus-B
ars, each of these main components has its own gas -filled metal enc
losed module.
 Gas filling, monitoring system.
 Auxiliary low voltage DC and low voltage AC supply system, for contr
ol, protection and Monitoring systems.
 The bus-bars are conducting bars to which various incoming and out
going bars are connected. The bars are connected to bus-bars cross- wi
se, bus-bars are either with a three-phase enclosure or single phase encl
osure.

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 Site Selection Of GIS

 Non availability of sufficient space.

 Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at site.
 Urban site.
 Increasing in length of feeders.
 Improvement of the quality of voltage regulation due to increasing lengt
h feeder.
 The total space required for GIS is 10% of the other conventional subst
ation.
 GIS technology can be used for installation in areas where the real estat
es is appreciable.

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 Internal Equipment Of GIS

 SF6 gas as an insulator.

 Circuit breakers.
 Disconnector (Isolator).
 Ground switches.
 Bus-bar.
 Current transformer.
 Voltage or potential transformer.
 Cable terminations.
 Lightning/surge arrester.
 Control plane.

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Properties Of SF6
 sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is The superior dielectric medium.
 SF6 has been used as an insulating medium in electronic devices, po
wer apparatus, and HVDC converter stations.
 Its excellent properties make it ideally suited both as an insulating and
as an arc-quenching agent.
 Lifetime-Very long (800 to 3200 years )
 Insulating Almost water Insoluble
 Insulating 3-time that of air.
 SF6 gas is colorless, odorless, chemically inert, nontoxic, nonflamma
ble, non-corrosive, heavier than air.
 Its dielectric strength is greatly superior to that of air.
 It is 5-time denser than air.

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Advantages Of GIS
 Occupies very less space(1/10th) compared to other substations.
 Most reliable compared to air insulated substations.
 From 30 kV to 500 kV they might result cheaper than other conventiona
l units.
 Maintenances free due to expedient design and protraction against exte
rnal element.
 Can be assembled at workshop and modules can be commissioned in th
e plant easily.
 The safety is increased: As the enclosures are at earth potential there
is no possibility of accidental contact by service personnel to live parts.
 They should not generate radio-electric disturbances.
 They are noiseless
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DRAWBACKS OF GIS
 High cost compared to air insulated substation.
 Excessive damage in case of internal fault.
 Diagnosis of internal fault and rectifying takes very long time.
 SF6 gas pressure must be monitored in each compartment.
 Reduction in the pressure of the SF6 gas in any module results in fla
sh over and faults.
 SF6 causes Ozone depletion and global warming.
 Such substations are generally indoor, so they need a separate buildi
ng. This is generally not required for conventional outdoor substatio
ns.

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APPLICATIONS OF GIS
 High voltage installations.
The higher voltage, the more favorable gas insulated technology beco
mes. The footprint of 765kV conventional substation is enormous and
GIS technology allows a significant size reduction.
 Urban Installations
GIS technology can be use for installations in areas where the cost of r
eal estate appeal is significant consideration.
 Indoor installation.
Air insulated substation indoors in Building is usually impractical but
gas can be easily go inside the building.
 Environmentally sensitive installation
GIS technology is popular in desert and arctic areas because it can be en
closed in a building with Environmental control.
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FUTURE TRENDS OF GIS

 Compact design of switch gear by using three phase modules.

 Use vacuum circuit breaker in medium high voltage GIS

 Optimization GIS design to allow easier maintenance.

 Replacement of existing air insulated substation by GIS will accelerate

specially near Urban centers.

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CONCLUSION

 GIS – Necessary for extra HV and Ultra HV.

 Some important areas to be studied include.

 More conservative design.

 Decomposition product management techniques.

 Achieving & maintaining high levels of availability require- more integr

ated approach to quality control by both users and manufactures.

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References
 https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/gas-insulated-su
bstations-gis\
 https://www.electrical4u.com/gis-or-gas-insulated-switchg
ear/

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Thank you

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