Hanzala

Awais Ali
Respected
teacher
Zeeshan sb
 Introduction
 Definition
 Uses
 Advantages
 Disadavtages
 Artificial = a human creation that did not
occur in nature
 Intelligence= the ability to learn and apply
knowledge
 Artificial Intelligence = man made
device/system that is able to act the task
according to human intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the branch of
computer science in which we study
about tasks perform by machines and
also study to develop system/device to
perform these tasks such as reasoning
learning e.t.c
 Game playing
 General problem solving
 Natural language processing
 Robotics
 Education
 others
 Uses robots for heavy constructions, military
benefits, or even for personal assistance at
private home
 There will less injuries and stress to human
beings
 Many health now have possible to with the use
of Artificial Intelligence in study at
universities
 It will long time to build
 Can not provide a human feelings
 No emotional understanding
 Lesser jobs
 High cost
 Third Normal Form (3NF)

 A table is said to be in the Third Normal Form when,

 It is in the Second Normal form.
 And, it doesn't have Transitive Dependency.
  Normalization
 Consider the following table that depicts the set of attributes
found in a database.

StdID StdName DeptID DeptNam SupID Supervisor Position

e

123 Rehman 001 Urdu 1 Mr. Kashif HoD

003 Maths 2 Ms. Uzma Lecturer
132 Abida 001 Urdu 1 Mr. Kashif Lecturer

142 Ali 002 English 1 Mr. Yasir Lecturer

005 Physics 3 Mr. Abid HoD
008 Biology 4 Ms. Saba Lecturer
 Normalization:

 The table is in un-normalized form.

 Solution:
 Apply first three normal forms.
 Normalization

 Department ID in Student table is a multi valued attribute.

 It can be converted into 1NF by storing the details of repeating
groups in a new table.
 This will result in following table structures.
  Normalization:
 Student(Std_ID, StdName)
 Student_in_Dept (StdID, DeptID, DeptName, SupID,
Supervisor, Position)
StdID StdNAme
StdID DeptID DeptName SupID Supervisor Position
123 Rehman
123 001 Urdu 1 Mr. Kashif HoD
132 Abida
123 003 Maths 2 Ms. Uzma Lecturer
142 Ali
132 001 Urdu 1 Mr. Kashif Lecturer
142 002 English 1 Mr. Yasir Lecturer
142 005 Physics 3 Mr. Abid HoD
142 008 Biology 4 Ms. Saba Lecturer

 The above relation is in 1NF.

 Normalization:

 2NF:
 The partial dependencies are removed from the table to be in
2NF. The functional dependencies for the Student table are:
 StdID, DeptID -> Position (full functional dependency)
 DeptID -> DeptName (partial dependency as DeptID part of
primary key)
 DeptID -> SupID (partial dependency as DeptID part of
primary key)
 Normalization

 2NF:
 To convert the Student table into 2NF extract the DeptName,
SupID, Supervisor to a separate table named Department.
 Three attributes are fully functionally dependent on DeptID,
which will be used as primary key in Society Table.
 Student (StdID, StdName)
 Department (DeptID, DeptName, SupID, Supervisor)
 Student_in_Dept (StdID, DeptID, Position)
 Normalization- 2NF: StdID DeptID Position
Dept DeptName SupID Supervisor 123 001 HoD
Std StdName
ID
ID 123 003 Lecturer
001 Urdu 1 Mr. Kashif
123 Rehman
002 English 1 Mr. Yasir 132 001 Lecturer
132 Abida
003 Maths 2 Ms. Uzma 142 002 Lecturer
142 Ali
005 Physics 3 Mr. Abid 142 005 HoD

008 Biology 4 Ms. Saba 142 008 Lecturer

 The above tables are in 2NF but did not solve all of the anomalies.
 The Modification anomaly still exist in Department table.
 What if Mr. Asad replace Mr. Kashif as HoD.
 Mr. Asad will use the same SupID of Mr. Kashif.
 Two rows instead of one needs to be updated to reflect the change.
 Normalization: 3NF
 A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and
 Displays no transitive properties.
 In Department table, DeptID -> SupID and SupID ->
Supervisor.
 Hence, DeptID -> Supervisor (kind of a transitive property).

 The attributes contributing to Transitive property are

taken out into a separate table.
 Normalization: 3NF
 The Department table is bifurcated into a new table called
Department_Teacher.
 The attribute is fully functionally dependent on SupID, hence
it is placed into Department_Teacher table as primary key.

OLD TABLES New Tables in 3NF

Student (StdID, StdName)
Department (DeptID, DeptName,
SupID, Supervisor)
Student_in_Dept (StdID, DeptID,
Position)
Student (StdID, StdName)
Department (DeptID, DeptName, SupID)
Student_in_Dept (StdID, DeptID, Position)
Department_Teacher (SupID,Supervisor)
  Normalization: 3NF
Student Department Student_in_Dept

StdID StdName DeptID DeptName SupID StdID DeptID Position

123 Rehman 001 Urdu 1 123 001 HoD

132 Abida 002 English 1 123 003 Lecturer

142 Ali 003 Maths 2 132 001 Lecturer

005 Physics 3 142 002 Lecturer

008 Biology 4 142 005 HoD

Department_Teacher 142 008 Lecturer

SupID Supervisor

1 Mr. Kashif

2 Ms. Uzma
 This is 3NF 3 Mr. Abid

4 Ms. Saba