Automatic Door Opening

Mechanism
 Problem Description
• Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job,
especially in places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres
where a person is always required to open the door for visitors.

• For people in wheelchairs (disabled persons), it is very

difficult to open the door.
 Introduction
• Smart door system provides advance automation for owners. You
must have seen automatic door openers in shopping malls, theatres
and commercial buildings. These systems are used to open the door
when a person comes near to the entrance of the door and close it
after entered into the door

• This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of

door by sensing any body movement near the door. This is achieved
with the help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor.
 Working principle
• Smart door project system work on the principle of motion detector, here in
this project Passive Infrared sensor used as motion detecting component.
• A motion detector is a device that detects moving objects, particularly
people.
• Passive infrared sensors are sensitive to a person's skin temperature or heat.
they detect the infrared radiation emitted from person.
• A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a system that
automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in anarea.
Arduino
 Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header and a reset button

 It contains everything needed to support

the microcontroller; simply connect it to a

computer with a USB cable or power it

with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to

get started.
ARDUINO pin diagram
 POWER SUPPLY

AC Input Bridge Voltage

(Transformer) Rectifier Rectifier Regulator
(LM7805)

MCU
POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

1
D1
VDD
JP2
2 - +4 1 2
2 VIN VOUT VDD
1 U2

GND
7805 R4
220 VAC C5 C6 C7 220 ohm
470 uF 100 uF 0.1 uF
3

D2
3

LED
 POWER SUPPLY

• The operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then
voltage regulators.
• Starting with an AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by rectifying the
AC voltage
• Then filtering to a DC level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed
DC voltage.
• The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator Unit, which
takes a DC voltage and provides a somewhat lower DC voltage, Which
remains the same even if the input DC voltage varies, or the output Load
connected to the DC voltage changes.
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2
and 20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per
line by 2 lines, respectively.
 The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the
controller chip which receives data from an external source (and
communicates directly with the LCD.
 LCD
• The LCD standard requires 3 control lines and 8 I/O lines for the data bus.
• 8 data pins D7:D0
Bi-directional data/command pins.
Alphanumeric characters are sent in ASCII format.
• RS: Register Select
RS = 0 -> Command Register is selected
RS = 1 -> Data Register is selected
• R/W: Read or Write
0 -> Write, 1 -> Read
• E: Enable (Latch data)
The 8 data lines are connected to PORT 1 of 8051 microcontroller.
The three control lines ( RS, RW and EN ) are connected to PORT 3.5,3.6
and 3.7 respectively.
LCD DIAGRAM
 MOTOR
• A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power.
• Two examples of pure DC designs are Michael Faraday's homopolar motor
(which is uncommon), and the ball bearing motor, which is (so far) a
novelty.
• By far the most common DC motor types are the brushed and brushless
types, which use internal and external commutation respectively to create
an oscillating AC current from the DC source—so they are not purely DC
machines in a strict sense.
• We in our project are using brushed DC Motor, which will operate in the
ratings of 12v DC 0.6A which will drive the flywheels in order to make the
robot move.
DC MOTOR
 BUZZER
• A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric.
• Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or key stroke.
• Buzzer is an integrated structure of electronic transducers, DC power
supply, widely used in computers, printers, copiers, alarms, electronic toys,
automotive electronic equipment, telephones, timers and other electronic
products for sound devices.
• Active buzzer 5V Rated power can be directly connected to a continuous
sound, this section dedicated sensor expansion module and the board in
combination, can complete a simple circuit design, to "plug and play."
 FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS
FEATURES:
• Input supply: 5 VDC.
• Current consumption: 9.0 mA max.
• Oscillating frequency: 3.0 ±0.5 KHz.
• Sound Pressure Level: 85dB min.
APPLICATIONS:
• Confirmation of user input (ex: mouse click or keystroke).
• Electronic metronomes.
• Sporting events.
• Judging Panels.
• Annunciation panels.
 LED
• A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source
that resembles a basic PN -junction diode, except that an LED also emits
light.
• When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that is more positive than its
cathode lead by at least the LED's forward voltage drop, current flows.
• Electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons.
• This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy
band gap of the semiconductor.
LED DIAGRAM
 FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS
FEATURES:
• High reliability.
• High radiant intensity.
• Peak wavelength λp=940nm .
• 2.54mm Lead spacing.
APPLICATIONS:
• Visual signals where light goes more or less directly from the source to the
human eye, to convey a message or meaning.
• Illumination where light is reflected from objects to give visual response of
these objects.