 BASIC

 PRESSURE
 ITS UNITS
 MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE
 STANDARDS
 WHY NEED A STANDARD ?
 CALIBRATION
 WHAT IS CALIBRATION ?
 IMPORTANCE
 CONSIDERATIONS DURING PROCESS OF CALIBRATION
 TYPES OF FAILURE
 Pressure (P) is the
measure of force
(F) exerted over F

an area (A). F

P = F/A F

A
F = m*a
F
A= m²
F
 SI (International system) UNIT
 PASCAL (N/m²)
 DERIVED UNIT
 kg/cm²
 bar
 PSI
 PRESSURE GAUGE
Pressure is sensed by mechanical elements
such as plates, shells, and tubes that are
designed and constructed to deflect when
pressure is applied.
 PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
Movement must be transduced to obtain
an electrical or other output in V or I .
OUTER SHELL
 REQUIREMENT OF STANDARD
 Products might not work as expected
 They may be of inferior quality
 They may be incompatible with other
equipment – in fact they may not even
connect with them
 In extreme cases, non-standardized
products may be dangerous
 Customers would be restricted to one
manufacturer or supplier
 DKD R6 1
This Guideline serves to establish minimum
requirements for the calibration method and
the estimate of the measurement uncertainty
in the calibration of pressure gauges. It applies
to Bourdon tube pressure gauges, electrical
pressure gauges and pressure transmitters with
electrical output for absolute pressure,
differential pressure and overpressure with
negative and positive values
 Calibration is the process of configuring
an instrument to provide a result within
an acceptable range.
 Eliminating or minimizing factors that
cause in accurate measurements.
 Comparison of measurement values
delivered by a device under test with
those of a calibration standard of known
accuracy.
 To keep the tool/instrument in good
working condition, you will have to
calibrate time to time.
 Additionally when there is questionable
output by instrument during use.
 May even in adverse climate condition.
 Pre-test & During process actions
› Clean the UUC
› Leak Test
› Exercise the UUC
› Cardinal point versus nominal point
› Dithering

These all are important before or during the

process . If not processed then may contaminate
the reference standard , slow down the process
,unstable values ,may cause measurement error.
THERE SHOULD BE THREE SEQUENCE :-
 SEQUENCE A (Accuracy <0.1 ) = 9 POINTS
4 CYCLES
 SEQUENCE B (Accuracy 0.1 to 0.6) = 9
POINTS 3 CYCLES
 SEQUENCE C (Accuracy >0.6) = 5 POINTS
2 CYCLES
Pre-loading – 3 Times
Calibration Points – 9
Measurement Series – 4
Time Interval / Reading(Point)– 30 Seconds

@ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
@ @
M1 @
@
@ M2 M3 @
@
@ M4
@ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
@ @ @ @

ZERO SETTING
Pre-loading – 2 Times
Calibration Points – 9
Measurement Series – 3
Time Interval / Reading(Point)– 30 Seconds

@ @ @
@ @ @
@ @ @
@ @ @
M1 @ @ M2 M3 @
@ @ @
@ @ @
@ @ @
@ @ @

ZERO SETTING
Pre-loading – 1 Times
Calibration Points – 5
Measurement Series – 2
Time Interval / Reading(Point)– 30 Seconds

@ @
@ @
M1 M2
@ @
@ @
@ @

ZERO SETTING
 UUC STD STD STD STD AVG. DEV. REP. HYS.
(BAR) (M1) (M2) (M3) (M4) (BAR) (UUC- (M3- (M2-
AVG.) M1) M1)

0 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01

1 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01
2 2.01 2.00 2.02 2.01 2.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.01
3 3.03 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01
4 4.02 4.02 4.04 4.02 4.03 -0.02 0.02 0.00
5 5.03 5.03 5.04 5.03 5.03 -0.03 0.01 0.00
6 6.07 6.05 6.06 6.04 6.06 -0.04 -0.01 -0.02
7 7.07 7.06 7.06 7.05 7.06 -0.05 -0.01 -0.01
8 8.07 8.06 8.09 8.07 8.07 -0.07 0.02 -0.01
10 10.11 10.11 10.13 10.13 10.12 -0.13 0.02 0.00
 DEVIATION :- Value by which a
measured value differ from a fixed value
 REPEATABILITY :- Measurements taken by
a single person or instrument on the
same item, under the same conditions,
and in a short period of time.(Repeatability
is defined as the standard deviation of the
individual measurements)
 HYSTERESIS:- A Retardation of an effect
when the forces acting upon a body are
changed