1.

Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease
usually caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis
generally affects the lungs, but can also
affect other parts of the body. Most
infections do not have symptoms, in which
case it is known as latent tuberculosis. The
classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic
cough with blood-containing mucus, fever,
night sweats, and weight loss. It was
historically called "consumption" due to the
weight loss. Infection of other organs can
cause a wide range of symptoms.
Tuberculosis is spread through the air when
people who have active TB in their lungs
cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.

2. Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is
a bacterial infection due to a specific type of
Salmonella that causes symptoms. Symptoms
may vary from mild to severe, and usually
begin 6 to 30 days after exposureThis is
commonly accompanied by weakness,
abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and
mild vomiting. Some people develop a skin
rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases,
people may experience confusion. Without
treatment, symptoms may last weeks or
months. Diarrhea is uncommon. Typhoid is
spread by eating or drinking food or water
contaminated with the feces of an infected
person. Risk factors include poor sanitation
and poor hygiene. Those who travel in the
developing world are also at risk.
 3. Amoebic Dysentry
Amoebiasis, also known amoebic dysentery, is an
infection caused by any of the amobae of the
Entamoeba group. Symptoms are most common
during infection by Entamoeba histolytica.
Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe
symptoms. Symptoms may include abdominal pain,
diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea. Complications can
include inflammation and ulceration of the colon
with tissue death or perforation, which may result
in peritonitis. People affected may develop anemia
due to loss of blood.
Cysts of Entamoeba can survive for up to a month
in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails.[3]
Invasion of the intestinal lining results in bloody
diarrhea.[3] If the parasite reaches the
bloodstream it can spread through the body, most
frequently ending up in the liver where it can cause
amoebic liver abscesses

4. Polio
Polio, short for poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis, is
an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. In
about 0.5 percent of cases there is muscle weakness
resulting in an inability to move. This can occur over
a few hours to a few days. The weakness most often
involves the legs but may less commonly involve the
muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Many
people fully recover. In those with muscle weakness
about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent
of adults die. Another 25 percent of people have
minor symptoms such as fever and a sore throat and
up to 5 percent have headache, neck stiffness and
pains in the arms and legs. These people are usually
back to normal within one or two weeks. In up to 70
percent of infections there are no symptoms. Years
after recovery post-polio syndrome may occur, with a
slow development of muscle weakness similar to
that which the person had during the initial
infection.
 5. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung
affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
Typically symptoms include some combination of
productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble
breathing. Severity is variable.

Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses

or bacteria and less commonly by other
microorganisms, certain medications and conditions
such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include
cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of
smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a
stroke, and a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often
based on the symptoms and physical examination.
Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum
may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be
classified by where it was acquired with community,
hospital, or health care associated pneumonia.

6. Common Cold
The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a
viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract
that primarily affects the nose. The throat, sinuses,
and larynx may also be affected. Signs and symptoms
may appear less than two days after exposure to the
virus. These may include coughing, sore throat, runny
nose, sneezing, headache, and fever. People usually
recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may
last up to three weeks. Occasionally those with other
health problems may develop pneumonia.
Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing
the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most
common. They spread through the air during close
contact with infected people or indirectly through
contact with objects in the environment, followed by
transfer to the mouth or nose.
 7. Ring worn
Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a fungal
infection of the skin. Typically it results in a red, itchy,
scaly, circular rash. Hair loss may occur in the area
affected. Symptoms begin four to fourteen days after
exposure. Multiple areas can be affected at a given
time.

About 40 types of fungi can cause ringworm. They are

typically of the Trichophyton, Microsporum, or
Epidermophyton type. Risk factors include using public
showers, contact sports such as wrestling, excessive
sweating, contact with animals, obesity, and poor
immune function. Ringworm can spread from other
animals or between people. Diagnosis is often based on
the appearance and symptoms. It may be confirmed by
either culturing or looking at a skin scraping under a
microscope.

8. Chicken Pox
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious
disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster
virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin
rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab
over. It usually starts on the chest, back, and face then
spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may
include fever, tiredness, and headaches. Symptoms
usually last five to seven days. Complications may
occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the
brain, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is often
more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin
10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus.
Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily
through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It
may be spread from one to two days before the rash
appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also
spread through contact with the blisters. Those with
shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not
immune through contact with the blisters. The disease
can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting
 9. Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that
affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes
symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness,
vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause
yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually
begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an
infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people may
have recurrences of the disease months later. In those
who have recently survived an infection, reinfection
usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance
disappears over months to years if the person has no
continuing exposure to malaria.

It is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the

Plasmodium group. The disease is most commonly
spread by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The
mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the
mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites
travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce.
Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be spread by
humans. The species P. knowlesi rarely causes disease in
humans.