What hazard is

shown in the
video?
LANDSLIDES
Landslide
■Landslip
■Ground
movement on
a sloping
terrain.
■Disturbances
Where can a
landslide
occur?
Areas with..
■Steep Slope
■Dense Population
■Denuded Ground
Clay Soil Sand Soil
If you made a castle out
of this materials, which
most likely to fall down?
 What are the different
factors that contribute to
the downslope movement
or landslides?
Downslope movements or landslides are
generally classified according to three
prevailing factors.
■Type of Material
■Type of Movement
■Rate of Movement
Type of Material
Debris- 2mm soil
Type of movement
Falls from
clips,
lateral
spreads,
flows, and
topples.
Rate of the movement
Varies on..
• Steepness of the slope
• Grain size
• Moisture
• Thickness
• Type of material
Rate of the movement
0.3 mm/year- 360 km/hr
 What are the
different types
of landslides?
 TYPES OF
LANDSLIDES
Rock falls
■Steep
mountai
nous
region
 Flow
■Water
saturati
on
■Debris
flow
 Debris Avalanches
■Movements
of rocks and
debris at
rapid velocity
■100-300
km/hr
Debris Avalanche in Peru
Creep
■Less
dangerous
■Slow
downslope
movement
Avalanches
■ Deadly
downslope
movement
■ Mostly are
caused by
human factors
Slumps
■Move along a
surface of
rupture that
is curved
■Spoon
shaped
Landslide vs. Mudflow
Landslide Mudflow
Landslide as a large Develop when water
mass of rocks and rapidly accumulates in
earth that suddenly the ground and results
and quickly moves in a surge of water-
down the side of a saturated rock, earth,
mountain or hill. and debris
Sinkhole
■Depression or
holes
■Foundations
of soft
minerals
SOLUBLE ROCKS
TYPES OF SINKHOLES
■Dissolution Sinkholes
■Cover-subsidence
■Cover-collapse
DISSOLUTION SINKHOLES
■Occur in areas where
limestone is exposed
at the surface, or is
covered by thin layers
of soil or sand.
COVER SUBSIDENCE
■ Occur where the cover
material is relatively
incohesive and
permeable, and
individual grains of sand
move downward in
sequence to replace
grains that have already
moved downward to
replace dissolved
limestone.
COVER COLLAPSE

■ Occur where a solution cavity develops in the

limestone to such a size that the overlying cover
material can no longer support its own weight.
■ Listen to local news stations on a battery-
powered radio for warnings of heavy rainfall.
■ Listen for unusual sounds that might indicate
moving debris, such as trees cracking or
boulders knocking together.
■ Move away from the path of a landslide or
debris flow as quickly as possible.
■Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
■If you are near a stream or channel, be
alert for any sudden increase or
decrease in water flow and notice
whether the water changes from clear
to muddy.
■Curl into a tight ball and protect your
head if escape is not possible.
Essay

1.What is a landslide and sinkholes?

2.Explain the different types of
sinkholes
3.Causes of sinkholes