Types of

research
And
Construction
of a
Questionnaire
What is research?

 Research is defined as a careful consideration of study regarding a particular

concern or a problem using scientific methods.
 It is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information in order to
increase our understanding.
 Research involves 3 main stages:
Planning
Data collection
Analysis
Descriptive and Analytical Research

 Descriptive Research: it is a fact finding investigation which is aimed at

describing the characteristics of individual, situation or a group.
 Analytical research: it is primarily concerned with testing hypothesis and
specifying and interpreting relationships by analyzing the facts or
information already available.
Applied and Fundamental Research

 Applied research: it is also called as action research that is carried out to

find solution to a real life problem requiring an action or policy decision.
 Fundamental research: it is also known as basic and pure research is
undertaken for the sake of knowledge without any intention to apply it in
practice.
Quantitative and qualitative research

 Quantitative research: it is employed for ,measuring the quantity or

amount of a particular phenomena by the use of statistical analysis.
Quantitative research is “explaining phenomena by collecting numerical
data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods
 Qualitative research: it is aimed at finding out the quality of a particular
phenomenon. Qualitative research seeks to answer questions about why
and how people behave in the way that they do. It provides in-depth
information about human behavior.
Conceptual and Empirical Research

 Conceptual research: it is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to

develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
 Empirical research: it is a data based research which depends on
experience or observation alone. It is aimed at coming up with conclusions
without due regard for system and theory.
Other research types

 Exploratory research: it is conducted for a problem that has been clearly

defined. It helps to determine the best research design, data collection
method and selection of subjects.
 Historical research: it is the study of past records and other information
sources, with a view to find out the origin .
 Continuous research: a research to provide regular information from
systematic ongoing data collection from key sources.
 Case study: it is a research method involving an in depth and detailed
examination of a subject of study.
z
Questionnaire
construction
WHAT IS A QUESTIONNAIRE?

 A list of questions that can be completed by

- asking the respondents to complete the questionnaire
with the researcher not present
- respondents are asked the questions verbally in the
presence of researcher.
DESIGNING A QUESTIONNAIRE

 Decide the information required

 Define the target respondent
 Choose the method of reaching your target respondent
 Decide the question content
 Develop the question wording
 Check the length of the questionnaire
 Pre test the questionnaire
 Develop the final survey form.
THANK YOU