CH.

15
DECISION MAKING
Efix19
Apr.9.19
• What is decision?
making choice from 2 or more
alternatives
 membuat pilihan dari 2 atau lebih
alternatif
Suatu proses dimana para anggota
organisasi memilih suatu tindakan
tertentu untuk merespons, baik
masalah maupun peluang2 yang ada.

d/m  problems / opportunities

(making a choice)
MODEL PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN

1.RATIONAL MODEL
2.BOUNDED RATIONALITY MODEL RASIONALITAS
TERBATAS
 RATIONAL MODEL COMPLETE INFORMATION

Step -1 Define the problem/opportunity

Step-2 Identify limiting factors
Step-3 Develop potential alternatives
Step-4 Analyze the alternatives
Step-5 Select the best alternatives
Step-6 Implement the decision
Step-7 Establish a control system
• BOUNDED RATIONALITY MODEL
(Herbert Simons)

LIMITED BY THEIR ABILITY TO PROCESS

INFORMATION
Decision that is “Satisficing”
(good enough)
Type of the decisions
Two types:
Non~programmed decisions
Programmed decisions
Decisions are made under the condition of:

1.Certainty
2.Risks, and
3.Uncertainty

notes: Setiap kondisi membawa berbagai

tingkatan ketidakpastian serta kemungkinan
kegagalan
Ambiguity and failure
Low degree of Ambiguity high

Certainty Risks Uncertainty

Group decision making
• Pengambilan keputusan melalui Kelompok
(teamwork/groups)
Advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:
1.Availability and diversity of member’s
skills, knowledge, and expertise
2.Enhanced memory for facts (minimizized
problem of forgetfulness)
3.Capability of error detection
4.Greater decision acceptance

Disadvantages :
1.Time consuming
2.Potential for groupthink
3.domination
Group decision making

Techniques :
 Brainstorming : spontaneous
 Nominal group techniques : written
 Delphi techniques : uses questionaires
D/M STYLE:
2 DIMENSIONS:
(1). Ways of thinking : rational/orderly,
consistent
intuitive, creative and unique
(2). Tolerance for ambiguity:
-low/high tolerance
• Types of decision maker:
1.Directive: use minimal information and
consider few alternatives
2.Analytical: make careful decisions in unique
situation
3.Conceptual: maintain broad outlook n
consider many alternatives
4.Behavioral : avoid conflict by working well
with others, and receptive to suggestions
Exhibit 6–12 Decision-Making Matrix

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All

6–15
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