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GSM Networks
Rabindranath Nandi
&
Rahul Ghosh
within exchanges.
between
between exchanges. exchanges
Exchange A Exchange B
between
Subscriber and
within
exchange
exchange
Speech
Exchange Exchange
Speech
A B
Common Signaling
Channel
Various high end features like roaming are possible by using CCS7.
STP
(SPC=200)
SP SRP SEP
(SPC=100) (SPC=400) (SPC=500)
STP
(SPC=300)
Associated Mode :
In the associated mode, the signaling link is routed together with the
circuit group belonging to the link. In other words, the signaling link
is directly connected to signaling points which are also the terminal
points of the circuit group. This mode of signaling is recommended
when the capacity of the traffic relation between the signaling points
A and B is heavily utilized.
SPC=200
B I
TCAP
S S
Users
S M
U
A
U Other
TCAP P
P User
P Parts
SCCP
Signal units :
The message transfer part transports messages in signal units of
varying length. A signal unit is formed by the functions of level 2. In
addition to the message it also contains control information for the
message exchange. There are three different types of signal units
Message Signal Units (MSU)
With message signal units, the message transfer part transfers user
messages, i.e., messages from user parts (level 4) and messages from
the signaling network management (level 3).
Link Status Signal units (LSSU)
LSSU contains information for the operation of the signaling link (e.g.
for the alignment).
Fill-In Signal Units (FISU)
FISU are used to maintain the acknowledgement cycle and quality
control when no user messages are to be sent in one of the two
directions of the signaling.
Service information octet (SIO): The service information octet (SIO) only
exists in message signal units. It contains the service indicator and the
network indicator. A service indicator is assigned to each user of the
message transfer part. It informs the message transfer part which user part
has sent the message and which user part is to receive it. The network
indicator indicates whether the traffic is national or international. The
message transfer part evaluates both items of information.
Signal information field (SIF): The signal information field (SIF) only
exists in message signal units. It contains the actual user message as well
as the addresses. The maximum length of the signaling information field is
272 octets.
Check bits (CK) : The check bits (CK) are formed on the transmission side
from the contents of the signal unit and are added to the signal unit as
redundancy. On the receive side, the message transfer part can determine
with the check bits whether the signal unit was transferred without any
errors. The signal unit is acknowledged as either positive or faulty on the
basis of the check.
Status field (SF) : The status field (SF) only exists in link status signal
units. It contains status indications for the signaling links for the alignment of
the transmit and receive directions.
MTP Functions
August 11, 2006 ComSoc Lecture Meet
The User Parts - ISUP
ISDN user part (ISUP)
The ISDN user part (ISUP) covers the signaling functions for the
control of calls, for the processing of services and features and for
the administration of circuits in ISDN. The ISUP has interfaces to the
message transfer part and the signaling connection control part
(SCCP) for the transport of message signal units. The ISUP can use
SCCP functions for end-to-end signaling.
The structure of the ISUP Message is shown Below :
The message type defines the function and the format of an ISUP
message. There are different message types for the call set-up, the
call release and the administration of circuits.
From the point of view of the message transfer part, the SCCP is a
user with its own service indicator. The combination of the SCCP
and the message transfer part is called the network service part
(NSP).
Connection Oriented
Connectionless
0 1 254 255
Subsystems
MAP
SCCP
Important Subsystems
MAPHLR – 6 MAPVLR – 7 MAPMSC – 8 MAPEIR–9
BSSAP – 254 CAP – 146 SINAP - 247 GPRS -149
August 11, 2006 ComSoc Lecture Meet
SCCP Examples
Connectionless SCCP : Connectionless SCCP is used
for a number of GSM features like Roaming (GTT), SMS.
Other user parts like TCAP use connectionless SCCP
for transactions.
mailto : rahulghosh@ieee.org