STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL LAND USE

TRANSPORT INTERACTION
FOR MADURAI LPA

Presented by - Kabilan M (2016266032)

Guided by - Dr. K. Gunasekaran

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Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study
3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review
5. Objective of the Project
6. Methodology
7. Work Done
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study
3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review
5. Objective of the Project
6. Methodology
7. Detailed Working Procedure
8. Schedule of Work
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Introduction

 Land as a natural resource is used for various purpose

 Development in a land takes place if any investment is pumped in, It

would be either Land
Use
 Residential Development

 Commercial Development
Accessibility Activity
 Industrial Development

 This development induces a change in land use

Transport
 Change in land use will affect the transport system System
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Introduction Typical Land Use Transport Interaction

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Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction

2.Need for Study

3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review
5. Objective of the Project
6. Methodology
7. Detailed Working Procedure
8. Schedule of Work
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Need for Study

 Indian cities growth is dynamic - Results in change in land use and transport interaction

 Land use market and transport market cannot be analysed isolated

 To project the prevailing relationship between land use activities and transport system in an
integrated manner
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Need for Study Contd…

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Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study

3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review
5. Objective of the Project
6. Methodology
7. Detailed Working Procedure
8. Schedule of Work
 1 1 2 2 3 34 54 6 5 7 6 8

Review of Literature
Author (Year) Title of the Literature Findings/Work Done

Aruna Sivakumar Choice set formation in residential location

Evaluated different choice set formation
& Alireza choice modelling: Empirical comparison of
using Hazard based screening model
Zolfaghari (2012) alternative approaches

Nurul Habib and Modelling the choice of residential location

Evaluated different hierarchies of
Kockelman and home type: recent movers in Austin,
residential choice
(2008) Texas
 1 1 2 2 3 34 5 4 6 5 7 6 8

Review of Literature Contd…

Author (Year) Title of the Literature Findings/Work Done

Research work to formulate various

mathematical equations such as,
Daniel Mc Fadden
Modelling the choice of residential location • Multi Nomial Logit Model
(1978)
• Nested Logit Model
• General Extreme Value Model

Presents the residential mobility and

Brian.H.Y.Lee and location choice in nested logit model
The residential mobility and location choice in
Paul Waddel
a nested logit model (i.e: probability of choosing a location ‘l’
(2009)
from ‘m’ number of alternatives).

Created a 4 stage model for Delhi city

Ravi Sekar The development and evaluation of an using a planning software VISUM and
Chalmuri et al integrated transport system: case study of analysed 2 scenarios
(2015) Delhi • Metro with Feeder Service and
• Metro with Park and Ride facility
 1 1 2 2 3 34 5 4 6 5 7 6 8

Review of Literature

Author (Year) Title of the Literature Findings/Work Done

I wayan Suweda Describes about the Working of

An integrated land use transportation model
(June 2010) MEPlan Package

Evaluates various scenarios

Beltway scenario
J E Abraham & J D Policy analysis using the Sacramento MEPlan
Rail scenario (LRT)
Hunt (July 1998) land use transport interaction model
Using MEPlan Package for
Sacramento city
(i) Regulatory Policy
(ii) Pricing policy and
M. H. Echenique et The MEPLAN models of Bilbao, Leeds and
(iii) Investment policy
al (1990) Dortmund
Were evaluated using MEPlan for
European Cities
 1 1 2 2 3 43 5 4 6 5 7 68

Review of Literature Contd…

Author (Year) Title of the Literature Findings/Work Done

• Iterative approach similar to

conventional 4 stage model
An Iterative Approach to an Integrated Land
Meiwu An, Mei
Use Transport Planning Tool for Small Urban • Trip generation model taking into
Chen (2012)
Areas
account the household and
number of employment

Describes about, how the transport

The Development of an Integrated Transport
Adrienne Brandi
And Land Use Model for the Activities service gets affected due to relocation
et al (2014)
Relocation in Urban Areas
of activities

Describes about working of TRANUS

Tomas de la Application of TRANUS, an integrated land
• Calculation sequence
Barra (1995) use transport model
• Structure of model
• Various applications
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Review of Literature Contd…

Author (Year) Title of the Literature Findings/Work Done

• This model predicts the location of

activity and requirement of land
based on future development
• Traffic flow associated to the activities
are predicted

Tomas De La Application of TRANUS modelling system to 1) Trend Scenario

Barra (2011) the city of Swindon, UK 2) containment and
increased density
3) Hinterland and high
density dispersal
4) Limited peripheral
expansion
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Review of Literature Contd…

Author (Year) Title of the Literature Findings/Work Done

• Assess the impact of a large urban

Construction and Calibration of a land project on transport demand at
Nicolas Pupier
use and transport interaction model of a the metropolitan scale
(2013)
Brazilian city • Calibrated using actual trip rate and
model split which is surveyed
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Study of Literatures
Daniel Mc Fadden (1978) – Modelling the choice of residential location

 Mother of all RLC models

Discussed about
 Multi Nomial Logit Model

Probability of choosing a household of type ‘n’ from ‘c’ number of Communities

𝑒 𝑉𝑐𝑛
𝑃𝑐𝑛 = 𝐶
σ𝑏=1 σ𝑁𝑏
𝑚=1 𝑒
𝑉𝑏𝑚

Vcn = 𝛽. 𝑋𝑐𝑛 + 𝛼. 𝑌𝑐
Xcn = Community and dwelling attributes
Yc = Community attributes only
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Study of Literatures
Ravi Sekar Chalmuri et al (2015) - The development and evaluation of an integrated
transport system: case study of Delhi

Work Done

Created a 4 stage travel demand model using Visum software for the Delhi city and
analysed 3 scenario in the year 2015.
Step
Step Step Step 4
1 2 3
Trip Trip Mode Trip
Generation Distribution Choice Assignment

Gravity MNL
Y = a0 + a1.x1+ a2.x2 Model Model All-or-Nothing Technique

Generalised Cost Varies

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Study of Literatures Contd…

Scenario Analysed
 1st scenario - Metro connected with Feeder Service

 2nd Scenario - Metro with Park and Ride Facility

Outcome/Results

1st scenario - 8.2% of passengers shift to metro from private mode

2nd Scenario - 13.7%, if the parking charge is 5 INR/hr and metro share decreased to
5.3% if it is 10 INR/hr
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Study of Literatures
Meiwu An, Mei Chen (2012) - An Iterative Approach to an Integrated Land Use
Transport Planning Tool for Small Urban Areas

Household Distribution Model

Employment in a zone is given Exogenously Hi = Area . (a1+ a2σ𝑗 𝑒 −𝛽 𝑐𝑖𝑗 )

Trip Generation Model

Based on Hi and Ei values Oi = Dj = a1.Hi + a2.Ei

Combined Trip Distribution and Assignment Model

Mi,β is assumed initially , Bj = 1/(Mi.Oi.Cij*) is
calculated and Iterated till 1% Convergence Tij = Mi Bj Oi Dj 𝑒 −𝛽 𝑐𝑖𝑗∗
 1 2 3 4 5 6

Study of Literatures Contd…

Values of Va (Vehicle Trips), tij (Passenger or Person Trips) and Cij (Average
Updated Travel Time) is obtained
Updated Travel Cost Using
(C)* = tij.Cij/T
New values of Distributed Trips

If the convergence criteria for Va, tij and Hi is met then the iteration stops
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Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study
3. Review of Literatures

4. Inferences from Literature Review

5. Objective of the Project
6. Methodology
7. Detailed Working Procedure
8. Schedule of Work
 1 1 2 2 3 34 54 6 5 7 6 8

Inferences from Literatures

 Discrete choice model is a pre requisite for generating LUTI models

 Residential Location Choice (RLC) model is a Multi Nomial Logit (MNL) model,
which gives the probability of choosing a location from a set of locations

 In Residential Location Choice the governing parameters are its accessibility, land
type and its land price

 Household attributes, accessibility governs the trip generation – affects travel demand

 MEPlan, TRANUS are the integrated land use transport software package, incorporates
economic activities its interaction and its effect on transport system
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study
3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review

5. Objective of the Project

6. Methodology
7. Detailed Working Procedure
8. Schedule of Work
 1 1 2 2 3 34 54 6 5 7 END
6 8

Objective of the Study

▪ To build a four stage travel demand model for Madurai LPA

▪ To formulate various land use transport development scenarios and evaluate them for its
effects on traffic flow and congestion levels.

▪ To formulate Residential Location Choice (RLC) Model for Madurai city and LPA

▪ To integrate the residential location choice and travel demand model

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study
3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review
5. Objective of the Project

6.Methodology
7. Detailed Working Procedure
8. Schedule of Work
 Data Collection
Transport Model

Land Use Data Transport Data

Network Preparation
• Land Use area • Household Survey
• Demographics • Volume Count Data
Land Use Model • Road Side Interview Trip Generation
• GPS Travel Time
Residential Location Choice
Trip Production Trip Attraction
Model

Trip Distribution
Demand for Housing

Scenario Mode Choice

Congested Travel Time Formulation and
Analysis
Traffic Assignment

Recommendations Model Calibration

& Validation
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Study Area

a) TAZ in the City b) TAZ in LPA

c) Exterior Zones
 Volume Count and Travel Time Data

Travel Time, Speed and Delay Data

measured using VBOX device

Intersection Volume Count Locations

Travel Scenario in Madurai

a) Internal to Internal b) Internal to External

Travel Scenario in Madurai Contd…

c) External-Internal d) External-External
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Integrated Land Use Transport Model for Madurai City

1. Introduction
2. Need for Study
3. Review of Literatures
4. Inferences from Literature Review
5. Objective of the Project
6. Methodology

7. Work Done
8. Schedule of Work
Trip Generation Model
Trip Production Model
Dependent Variable: Zonal Trip Production (Y)
Independent Variables are
 Zonal Population (X1)
 Average Household Size (X2)
 Average Number of Vehicle Ownership per Household (X3)
 Average Monthly Income per Household (X4)
 Average Numbers Employed per Household (X5)
 Average Number of Students per Household (X6)
 Variable

P Value
Z
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Zonal Trip Production

0.125
2.502
Test for Normality

0.162 Zonal Population

3.508

Average Household Size

0.116
1.193

No. of Vehicle Ownership

0.074
1.284

Average Monthly Income

0.191
1.084

No. of Employers
0.224
0.752

Average Number of
Students
0.957
0.401
Test For Absence of Multi-Collinearity

Zonal Population

Average Monthly
Household Size
Production

Ownership

Employers
Number of

Number of
Zonal Trip

Average

Income
Vehicle

Students
Avg Nos
Variable

Zonal Trip
1.000 .625 .610 -.080 -.051 .033 -.087
Production
Zonal Population .625 1.000 .014 -.166 .020 -.141 .032
Average
.610 .014 1.000 -.015 -.127 .502 .436
Household Size
No. of Vehicle
-.080 -.166 -.015 1.000 .276 .364 .021
Ownership
Average Monthly
-.051 .020 -.127 .276 1.000 .182 .077
Income
Average Nos
.033 -.141 .502 .364 .182 1.000 .091
Employed
Avg Nos Students
-.087 .032 .436 .021 .077 .091 1.000
 Trip Production Model
Multiple R : 0.734 R Square Value : 0.539
Adjusted R Square Value : 0.523 Std. Error of the Estimate: 2756.31
F-Value : 33.879 P Value : 0.000
(<0.01)
Y= 3744.814 + 0.334 * (POP) + 1449.312 * (HHS)
Trip Attraction Model

Dependent Variable is Trips Attracted (Y) and

Independent variables are different Land Use area in Sq.Km,

1. Residential Area (X1) 2. Commercial Area (X2)

3. Industrial Area (X3) 4. Educational Area (X4)
5. Other Area (X5) 6. Total Zonal Area (X6)
Correlation between Dependent and Independent Variables

Public & Semi

Commercial

Educational

Water Body
Residential
Agriculture

Transport
Industrial

Public
Land Use
Area in
sqkm

Trips
0.141 0.555 0.301 0.069 0.142 0.075 0.148 0.083
Attracted
Test for Absence of Multi-Collinearity

Commercial

Semi Public
Educational

Water Body
Residential
Agriculture

Transport
Industrial

Public &
1.00 0.025 0.028 0.044 0.033 0.031 0.17 0.37
Agriculture
Commercia 0.025 1.00 0.038 0.027 0.020 0.036 0.35 0.16
l
Educationa 0.028 0.038 1.00 0.000 0.046 0.044 0.65 0.07
l

0.044 0.027 0.00 1.00 0.03 -0.001 -0.06 0.32

Industrial

Public &
Semi 0.033 0.020 0.046 0.03 1.00 0.034 0.40 0.33
Public

0.031 0.036 0.044 -0.01 0.034 1.00 0.50 0.22

Residential

0.017 0.035 0.065 -0.06 0.040 0.050 1.00 0.05

Transport

0.037 0.016 0.07 0.032 0.033 0.022 0.05 1.00

Water Body
Trip Attraction Model
Multiple R : 0.570 R Square Value : 0.325
Adjusted R Square Value: 0.244 Std. Error of the Estimate: 4749.803
F Value : 4.041 P Value : 0.004
Y= 4713.552 -20883.126*R+122138.284*C+17629.448*TZA
4 stage model in CUBE
Trip Generation
Trip Generation Contd…
Trip Distribution – Deterrence Function
Gravity Model - Tij = Ai.Oi.Bj.Dj.f(cij)
Deterrence Function
More reliable deterrence function is of form, fcij = 𝒄𝒊𝒋𝒏 . 𝒆−𝜷.𝒄𝒊𝒋

250

200
Frequency (fcij)

150

100 cij2.016 . e(-0.076.cij)

R2 = 0.637
50

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Distance_km [cij]

Data Points Predicted Plot

Trip Distribution in CUBE
Road Network Development in CUBE
Mode Choice Model

Utility Coefficients for Mode Choice Model

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discrete choice (multinomial logit) model
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Standard Prob. 95% Confidence
CHOICE| Coefficient Error z |z|>Z* Interval
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------nlogit
CON1| 3.70439*** .57003 6.50 .0000 2.58715 4.82162
A1| -.24853*** .02820 -8.81 .0000 -.30380 -.19326
;lhs=choice,cset,alt_id
E1| -.37989*** .09008 -4.22 .0000 -.55644 -.20335 ;choices=bus,tw,car,auto
CON2| -.85828* .49555 -1.73 .0833 -1.82954 .11297
A2| -.27383*** .03403 -8.05 .0000 -.34052 -.20714 ;model:
E2| -.01510*** .00517 -2.92 .0035 -.02524 -.00495 U(bus) = con1+a1*TT+e1*TC/
CON3| -.51241 .63465 -.81 .4194 -1.75630 .73147
A3| -.10899*** .03593 -3.03 .0024 -.17940 -.03857 U(tw) = con2+a2*TT+e2*TC/
E3|
A4|
-.62560***
-.19329***
.09638
.03324
-6.49 .0000
-5.82 .0000
-.81451
-.25843
-.43669
-.12815
U(car)= con3+a3*TT+e3*TC/
E4| -.03264*** .00504 -6.48 .0000 -.04252 -.02277 U(auto)= a4*TT+e4*TC$
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ***, **, * ==> Significance at 1%, 5%, 10% level.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Utility Equations

 U(BUS) = 3.7044 – 0.2485*TT – 0.3799*TC

 U(CAR) = -0.8582 – 0.2738*TT - 0.0151*TC
 U(TW) = -0.5124 – 0.1089*TT – 0.6256*TC
 U(AUTO) = - 0.1933*TT – 0.0326*TC

R2 = 1 - [{ LL(ß) – K }/ { LL(C) – Kcs }]

Where, LL(ß) = -211.288, LL(C) = -410.584, K = 11, Kcs = 3
R2 = 1- [ (-211.288-11)/ (-410.584-3) ] = 0.462
R2 = 0.462
Mode Choice Model in CUBE
Trip Assignment – Volume Delay Function

 The Bureau of public roads volume delay function which is of form,

𝛽
𝑉
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑜 1 + 𝛼
𝐶

 To determine the travel time of a link based on the assigned trips

Volume Delay Function (BPR-VDF) for Divided Carriage
way

0.205
𝑉
𝑇 = 1.956 1 + 37.261  R2 = 0.197
𝐶

5
1.956[1+37.261(v/c))0.205
4
R2 = 0.197
TT/km (minutes)

3
Predicted
Data Points
2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

V/C
Volume Delay Function (BPR-VDF) for Undivided Carriage way

0.459
𝑉
𝑇 = 0.232 1 + 421.68  R2 = 0.356
𝐶
4

3.5

3
TT = 0.232 [1+421.68(V/C)]0.459
TT /km (minutes)

2.5
R2 = 0.356
2
Predicted
Data Points
1.5

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

V/C
Trip Assignment
Assigned Road Network
Model Validation

Location (near) Towards CBD Away CBD

Yannaikal -10.83% -9.27%

Aravind Hospital -13.10% -9.06%

Tathaneri -12.27% -15.53%

Bypass Road -7.82% -13.12%

Assigned Network
Scenario 1- Bypass Connection Between
Trichy and Dindigul Road

Before Improvement

After Improvement
 Scenario 2 - One-way Street System along Veli Street
Before After
Improvement Improvement
Scenario 2 - One-way Street System along Veli Street
Scenario 3 – Ring Road Development

Decrease in Congestion Level in and around CBD

Scenario Evaluation

1) Network Capacity = ∑ (V/C * Length of Link) /( ∑ Length of Link)

2) Value of Travel Time = ((% Composition * V) / PCE )*O*TT*W

3) Fuel Consumed (Liters) = (V * % Composition / PCE) * FC RUCS / 1000

4) Emission (kg) = PE * (V * % Composition/PCE) / 1000

Scenario Evaluation
1) Network Capacity = ∑ (V/C * Length of Link) /( ∑ Length of Link)
Scenario Evaluation (Land Use Development)
Scenario Evaluation
2) Value of Travel Time = ((% Composition * V) / PCE )*O*TT*W
Value of Travel Time
Fuel Consumed (cc/km/veh or Lit/1000km)

IRC-SP: 30 - 2012
 FC (Car) = 21.85+(504.15/v)+0.00495v2
 FC (TW) = 3.38+(549.57/v) + 0.00436v2
 FC(Auto) = 21.28+(1615.327/v)+0.0245v2
 FC (Bus) = 32.97+(3904.64/v) + 0.0207v2
Scenario Evaluation
3) Fuel Consumed (Liters) = (V * % Composition / PCE) * FC RUCS / 1000
Fuel Consumed (Liters)
 Pollutant Emission (Euro3 vehicles) g/km/veh

 CO (car) = 0.385 + -0.00073*v + 44.2 /v • HC (TW) = 3.81 + 0.198v

 HC (car) = 0.185 -0.00331v + 1.89E-05v2 + 12.1/v2 • Nox (TW) = 0.0151 - 9.24e-6v2

• Co (Auto) = 20.7+0.0719v-17.6/v
 Nox (car) = 0.25 -0.00283v + 1.72e-7v3 + 0.182/v
• HC(Auto) = 5.78 + 7.69E-07v3 + 168/v -436/v2
 Co (Bus) = (0.74+ 12/v +314/v2 - 1150/v3
• Nox (Auto) = 0.096 + 2.58e-7v3
 HC (Bus) = 0.0366 + 0.002v + 16.8/v -118/v3
• CO (Truck) = (0.74+ 12/v +314/v2 - 1150/v3
 Nox (bus) = (0.446 - 0.0291v + 0.000341v2 + • HC (Truck) = 0.0366 + 0.002v + 16.8/v -118/v3
101/spd1 - 170/v2
• Nox (Truck) = 0.446 - 0.0291v + 0.000341v2 + 101/v -
 Co (tw) = 6.48 + 0.404v
170/v2
Scenario Evaluation
4) Emission (kg) = PE * (V * % Composition/PCE) / 1000
Emission (kg)
Residential Location Choice Model

Attributes
 Travel time to work
 Travel distance to work
 Travel time to school
 Travel distance to school
 Income to Rent Ratio
 Land Cost
RLC Estimated Parameters

--------+------------------------------------------------------------------
| Standard Prob. 95% Confidence
CHOICE| Coefficient Error z |z|>Z* Interval
--------+------------------------------------------------------------------
CON1| -2.0528** .81240 -2.53 .0115 -3.64513 -.46058
A1| -0.1634*** .02074 2.92 .0035 .01999 .10130
B1| -0.1561*** .02821 -4.19 .0000 -.17353 -.06295
D1| 0.0682 .29270 1.85 .0570 .1635 .1826
A2| -0.0588** .75702 -2.43 .0150 -3.32577 -.35830
B2| -0.0261*** .04629 -3.40 .0007 -.06681 -.24826
D2| -.1211 .03982 -4.05 .0001 -.23944 -.08334
A3| -0.0612* .03178 1.85 .0640 -.00342 .12115
B3| -.0351*** .02973 -6.48 .0000 -.25081 -.13427
D3| -.5640 .02301 -6.45 .0000 -.19348 -.10328
--------+------------------------------------------------------------------
Utility Equations

 U(Z1) = -2.0528 - 0.163 (TT_W) - 0.156(TD_W) + 0.068 (I/R)

 U(Z2) = -0.0588 (TT_W) - 0.026 (TD_W) - 0.121 (I/R)
 U(Z3) = -0.061 (TT_W) - 0.035 (TD_W) - 0.564 (I/R)
𝜌2 = 1 - [{ LL(ß) – K }/ { LL(C) – Kcs }]

𝜌2 = 1- [ (-130.280-9)/ (-210.289-2)] = 0.343

Change in Demand for Housing (2027 and 2037)
Recommendation and Conclusion

 The roads surrounding Madurai CBD is getting congested due to increase in number
of trips, hence it is required to implement any of the traffic management measures.

 Ring Road Development has a capacity to reduce the congestion level, which helps in
sustained operation of the Madurai transport system.

 Incorporating RLC, ILC and CLC will reflect the land use development precisely, which
directly affects the trip production and attraction, constitutes the integrated land use
transport development