BASE, RATE AND

PERCENTAGE
BASE, RATE AND PERCENTAGE
• BASE- (B) refers to the number of which a certain number of
hundredths is taken. Base and percentage are compared to
obtain the rate. As the basis of comparison, base is the number
generally preceded by the words,”of” , as much as”, as large as,”,
“ as many as”, and “ as great as”. Also, it is regarded as a whole.
• RATE – (R) refers to the number of hundredths taken. It is the
result of comparing a number ( percentage which is regarded as
the portion or part) to another number ( base which is regarded
as the whole). It can be expressed in percent, decimal or fraction.
BASE, RATE AND PERCENTAGE
• PERCENTAGE ( P) is the part considered in its quantitative relation to the whole.
In other words, it is the part of the whole and the number being compared to
another number (base). The result obtained when the rate is applied to the base is
the percentage. It is expressed in the same unit as the base, that is, if the base is in
pieces, the percentage is in pieces; if the base is in number of students, the
percentage is in number of students. It is never expressed in percent,which is the
common mistake of students.
The basic formula to show the relationship between the base, rate and percentage
is P = BR
• If any two of the elements are given, the reminaing elelment can be solved. It is,
however, important that we be able to identify which is the base, and which is the
percentage. The rate is easy to identify because it is generally expressed in
percent. As previously mentioned, the rate can also be expressed in fraction or in
decimal.
Ex. 1 Company A made a net sales of P 108,000.00 in 2018
and a net sales of P90,000.00 in 2017. To get the percent
of increase in sales, we do the following:
% increase in sale = sales in 2018- sales in 2017
sales in 2017
Following our basic formula P= BR,find the
percentage.
• 50% of 24
• 23% of P 365 is what?
• What is 3/8 as large as 800?
• In class of 40, 30% are girls.How many are girls?Hoqw many percent are boys?
How many boys are in the class?
Finding the base
To find the base, we divide the [ercentage by
the rate, to wit;\
B= P/R
Finding the base
•Ex. 1 If I have P 25.00 which represetns ¼ of
my entire money, how much money do I
have in all?

•Ex. 2 300 is 50% of how many?

Finding the base
1) Given: P 25.00
R=¼
B=?
2) Given : P =300
R = 50%
B=?
Finding the base
Ex.1) P 72 is 200% of what amount?

Ex 2) 66 is 66 2/3 of what number

Ex 3) A number, 5 times as anuy as 20, is ¼ of what number?

Finding the rate