Linear Equations

The algebraic equation of a straight

line is y = mx + c

• ‘m’ is the gradient of the graph

• ‘c’ is the intercept of the graph on the y-axis
• We may need to reduce the equation if the
equation has a form: n . y = m x + c, by dividing
throughout by ‘n’
Define the gradient m :
y 2  y1
m
x 2  x1
y
m 
x

∆=final value – initial value

Exercise 1.
• During the reaction, the concentration of
reactant decrease from 0,1 mol dm-3 to 0,03 mol
dm-3 after half an hour (30 min = 1800 s). What
is the rate at which the reactant is consumed?
Answer:
0,03  0,1 mol.dm 3
rate 
1800  0 s
 0,07 mol.dm 3
rate 
1800 s

rate  3,9.10 5 mol.dm 3 s 1

Exercise 2.
• The graph show the temperature inside a
calorimeter (as ‘y’) as a compound is consumed
(as ‘x;). Deduce the equation of the straight line.
Exersice 3.
• These data show the relationship between V dan
h:
h 6 10 14 18 21 25
V 5,5 7,0 9,5 12,5 13,5 16,5

• Those follow the linear trend: V = ah + b

• (a) Plot the curve : V versus h
• (b) Determine a dan b
• Curve: V versus h
18
16
14
12
10
V

8
6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
h

• Choose 2 point, ex: P(6 , 5,5) dan Q (25 , 16,5)

• Substitute, equation: V = 0,58 h + 2,02
• Curve: V versus h
18
16
14
12
10
V

8
6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
h

• Choose 2 point, ex: P(5 , 4,5) dan Q (23 , 15)

• Substitute, equation: V = 0,58 h + 1,59
Find the linear equation by using
MS Excel
18.0

16.0
y = 0,59x + 1,54
14.0

12.0

10.0
V

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
h
Equation: y  ax n

• Tranformation to linear equation:

log y = log a xn
log y = log a + log xn
log y = n log x + log a
y=mx + c
• x – axis = log x
• y – axis = log y
• m= n
• c=log a
Exercise 4.
• Below is the connection between x and y
y  a xn

x 2 5 12 25 32 40
y 5,62 13,8 52,5 112 160 200

• Find the value of a and n

Answer:
• log y = n log x + log a

log x 0,30 0,70 1,08 1.40 1.50 1,60

log y: 0,75 1,14 1,72 2,05 2,20 2,30

• y = mx + c
Equation: y  ae nx

• Tranformation to linear equation:

ln y = ln a enx
ln y = ln a + ln enx
ln y = ln a + nx
ln y = nx + ln a
y = mx + c
• x – axis = x
• y – axis = ln y
• m= n
• c=ln a
Exercise 5.
• Below is the connection between W and T
W  ae nT

T 3,0 10 15 30 50 90

W 3,86 1,97 1,73 0,50 0,17 0,01

• Find the value of a and n

Answer:
• ln W = n T + ln a

T 3,0 10 15 30 50 90

ln W 1,35 0,68 0,55 -0,70 -1,77 -4,61

• y = mx + c
Equation Linear equation Curve: x – axis ?
y – axis ?
y  ax 2  b ? ?

y  ax  b y  ax  b y terhadap x

a
y b ? ?
x

y  ax 2  bx ? ?