Structure of molecules

Why atoms react

Chemical bonds
Types of bonds
Intermolecular forces
Nature of bonding and properties
 Chemical bond
• Force of attraction between atoms that holds
them together
• Octet rule
• Duplet rule
• 3-ways to complete octet
 Types of chemical bonds
• Ionic bond
• Colvalent bond
• Coordinate covalent bond
• Metallic bond
 Ionic bond
• The bond which forms by complete transfer of
electron from one atom to another atom
• NaCl
• Na (Ne)
• Cl(Ar)
• Exo
 Covalent bond
• The bond which is formed by mutual sharing of
electrons is called covalent bond
• Types
• 1)single covalent bond
• H2,Cl2,CH4 etc
• 2)double covalent bond
• O2,C2H4 etc
• 3)triple covalent bond
• N2,C2H2 etc
• Coordinate covalent bond
• The bond in which bond pair is donated by
only one bonded atom
• Acceptor
• Donor
• NH4,NH3+BF3
Polar and non polar covalent bond
• Non polar
• Covalent bond between 2 similar atoms
• H2, Cl2 etc
• Polar
• Covalent bond between 2 different atoms
• HCl,H2O etc
• Ionic or covalent
• Electronegativity difference 1.7
 Metallic bond
• The bond between metal atoms due to free
electrons
 Intermolecular forces
• The weak forces between molecules are called
intermolecular forces
• HCll 17 kj HClg
• 430 kj to break chemical bond
 Dipole dipole interaction
• When partial positive and partial nagative
molecules locate at different positions they
arranged themselves in way that partial
positive charge attract partial nagative charge
and the force exist is dipole dipole interaction
• HCl
 Hydrogen bonding
• When partially positive charged hydrogen
atom of one molecule attracts and forms a
bond with the partially negatively charged
atom of the other molecule the bonding is
called hydrogen bonding
• H2O etc
• Physical properties water and alcohol boiling
points
• Ice and water density
 Nature of bonding and properties
• Ionic bond
• Properties
• Crystalline solids
• Conductance
• High melting and boiling points
• Solubility
 Covalent bond
• Properties
• Low melting and boiling points
• Solubility
• Conductance
• Large molecules have high melting and boiling
points
 Polar and non polar compounds
• Conductance
• Solubility
 Coordinate covalent compounds
• Solubility
• Rigid
• Metals properties
• Maleable and ductile
• Cations
• Conductors
• High melting and boiling points