Dav public school airoli

Physics investigatory project

CHARGING AND DISCHARGING OF CAPACITOR
Name : ADITYA U. BANARE
Class : XII
Section : B 1
Board Roll no. :
 Certificate

This is to inform that Mr. Aditya Banare of class

XII of DAV Public School, Airoli has successfully
completed the project “Capacitor” during the
academic year 2019-20. It is further certified
that the project is the genuine work of the
students and has done sincerely and very
satisfactorily finished.
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my

principal Ms. Suruchi Kataria as well as my
physics teacher Ms. Gopa Pramanik who gave me
.golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
“CAPACITOR” which kindled my curiosity and
helped me learns many new things. Secondly, I
would like to thank our lab assistant Mr. Sandeep
for cooperating with this project. And also to my
parents in finalize this project within the limiting
frame of time.
Content
1. Introduction
2. Aim
3. Apparatus
4. Theory
5. Procedure
6. Observation
7. Conclusion
8. Limitation
9. Application
10..Bibliography
Introduction

Charging and Discharging a Capacitor .when a

capacitor is connected to a circuit with Direct
Current(DC) source, two processes ,which are called
“charging” and “Discharging” the capacitor, will
happen in specific conditions. A Capacitor is a
passive device that stores energy in its Electric Field
and returns energy to the circuit whenever
required. A Capacitor consists of two conducting
Plates separated by an Insulating Mistrials or
Dielectric the Voltage vc on a capacitor cannot
change abruptly.
 Aim
Charging and discharging of capacitor

Apparatus

1. Capacitor
2. Battery
3. Connecting wires
4. Two switches
5. Two LED bulbs
6. Cardboard
 Theory
1. CAPACITOR
A capacitor is an electrical device that can store energy in
the electric field between a pair of closely spaced
conductors (called ‘plates’). When current is applied to the
capacitor, build up on each plate. Capacitors are used in
electrical circuits as energy -storage devices. They can also
be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-
frequency signals and this makes them useful in electronic
filters. This is now considered as antiquated term .A
capacitor consists of two conducting electrodes, or plates,
separated by a dielectric.
 2.CAPACITANCE
When electric charge accumulates on plates, an electric field is created
in the region between the plates they proportional to the amount of
accumulated charge. The electric field retreats a potential difference.

V=E.d
Between the plates of this simple parallel-plates capacitor’s
capacitance(C) is measure amount of charge(Q) stored on each plate
for given potential difference or Voltage(V)
C=Q/V
In SI units, capacitor has capacitance of one farad when one coulomb of
charge is stored due to one volt applied potential difference across the plates.
Since the farad is very large unit, valves of capacitors are usually expressed
in microfarads (uF), Nano farads (nF) or Pico farads (pF).
3) ENERGY STORED IN CAPACITOR
As opposite chargers accumulate on the plates of a capacitor due to the
separation of charge, a voltage develops across the capacitor owing to the
electric field of these charges. Ever-increasing work must be done against
this ever increasing electric field as more charge is separated. The energy
(measured in joules, in SI) stored in a capacitor is equal to the amount of
work required to establish the voltage across the capacitor, and therefore
the electric field. The energy stored is given by:

Where V is the voltage across the capacitor .the maximum energy that
can be stored in a particular capacitor is limited by maximum electric field
that the dielectric can withstand before it breaks down therefore, all
capacitors made with same dielectric have about same energy
density(joules per cubic meter).
 Procedure
1. Take a plane sheet of cardboard.
2. Connect the +ve end of the battery with a LED bulb (L1).
3. Attach the bulb with a switch (S1).
4. Then from S1 take two wires one should be connected to
capacitor and the other to switch S2.
5. S2 should be connected to LED bulb (L2).
6. L2 should be connected to capacitor and to –ve of battery.
7. Now turn on S1 the capacitor gets charged.
Now turn off S1 and turn on S2 the capacitor is discharged
Observation
 When we turn on both the switches S1 and S2 both the LED
bulbs L1 and L2 glows. Also no current through the capacitor.
 If we turn off the S2 bulb L2 stops glowing and the current flows
through the capacitor and charges it,
 Now if we turn off S1 and turn on S2 the current flows from the
capacitor to the bulb L2,which discharges the capacitor
 Hence it is observed that the capacitor is charged and
discharged
Conclusion

We conclude from the project that the capacitor has the ability of
charging and discharging

Limitation
1. Loss of energy due to heating
2. Capacitor may retain a charge long after power is removed
from the circuit, this charge can cause shocks (sometimes
fatal) or damages to connected equipment
3. Care must be taken to ensure that any large or high-voltage
capacitor is properly discharge before servicing the
containing equipment
Application

1. Energy Storage
2. Power Factor Correction
3. Signal Processing
4. Tuned Circuit
5. Sensing
6. Pulsed Power And Weapon
Bibliography

• Wikipedia
• Physic XII Ncert Part-I
• YouTube: https
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2JuzU4Mif8