NATURAL

HAZARDS,
MITIGATION
AND
ADAPTATION
 are potentially damaging natural
phenomena that may occur within specific
period of time in a given area that may cause
danger to people, structures or economic
assets and which may lead to a disaster.
1. GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
2.HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
PHENOMENA
3.MARINE AND COASTAL
DISASTER HAZARD RISK
is a dangerous
is an event that  how great
situation or event
actually harms that carries a threat the chance
humans and to humans. that someone
disrupts the  are a normal
will be
operations of occurrence on our
planet and cannot be harmed by
society.
 the normal
avoided. the hazard.
 has all the
operations of a potential to be
human community harmful, but won’t
must be completely actively harm
disrupted. humans or our
environment.
 is the shaking of the ground caused
by sudden slippage of rock masses
below or at the surface of the earth.
 it is a wave-like movement to the
earth’s surface.
Earthquake Hazards
Landslides
Ground
shaking

Liquefaction
Ground Rupture

Tsunami
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1.LAHARS AND FLOODS
A lahar (mudflow) is a flowing slurry of
volcanic debris and water that
originates on a volcano.
2. LAVA FLOWS AND DOMES
Fluid lava forms long thin that flows on
slopes.
Viscous lava forms short stubby flows
on slopes and steep-sided domes
around their vents.
 refers to the movement
of rocks and soil masses.
 it is caused by either
earthquake, volcanic
eruption, and human
activity.
 WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE:
1. Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid
kit, battery powered radio, a flashlight, and extra
batteries at home.

2. Learn first aid.

3. Learn how to turn off gas, water, and electricity.

4.Make up a plan of where to meet your family after

an earthquake.

5. Don’t leave heavy objects on shelves (they’ll fall

during earthquake.
 WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE:

1. Stay Calm! If you’re indoors stay inside. If

you’re outside, stay outside.
2. If you’re indoors, stand against a wall near
the center of the building, stand in a
doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture,
desk, or table. Stay away from windows and
outside doors.
3.Don’t use matches, candles or any flame.
4.If you’re in a car, stop the car and stay inside
the car.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE:
1. Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide
first aid for anyone who needs it.
2. Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If
any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for
the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the
windows and doors, leave immediately, and report
it to the authorities.
3. Turn on the radio. Don’t use the phone unless it’s
an emergency.
4.Stay out of damaged buildings.
5. Be careful around broken glass and debris.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE:
6. Be careful of chimneys that may fall on
you.
7. Stay away from beaches. Tsunami
sometimes hit after the ground has
stopped shaking.
8. Stay away from damaged areas.
9. If you’re at school, follow the
emergency plan of the person in charge.
10. Expect after shocks.
MANAGING VOLCANIC ERUPTION:
1.Take note of surroundings.
2.Gather all members of household.
3.Put together an emergency supply
kit.
4.Put important things on containers
etc. preventing from ash fall.
5.Follow instruction of local
authorities.
 Public awareness, planning
laws, evacuation plans, hazard
and risk mapping.

Public information, volcano

monitoring, danger zones.

Evacuation, mobilize emergency

services, medical treatment,
public information, danger zone
enforced, continuous review of
eruption.

Recovery and Assessment of Hazard and Management

Procedure.
 MANAGING LANDSLIDE:
1. Plant more trees.
2.Build channels for diversion of mudflow.
3.Put together an emergency supply kit.
4.Put importance things on containers etc..
If landslide occur without warning:
1. Stay alert.
2.Be attentive.
3.Stay away from lower elevations or paths of
debris.
4.Take shelter under sturdy table or structure.
FACTS:

ITCZ
 Inter tropical Convergence Zone
the area near that encircles the Earth near the equator where trade
winds meet.
The Philippines is in the Northern Hemisphere, near the equator.

PAGASA
 Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration
the government agency that provides information on
meteorological astronomical and climatological activities in the
Philippine territory.
 has different names in various
parts of the world where it is
specifically developed.
1. Hurricane
2. Typhoon
3. Severe Tropical Cyclone
4. Tropical Cyclone
 It is the development and strengthening of a tropical
cyclone in the atmosphere.
Requirements that will lead to the formation of
storm:
 Ocean surface – 26.5 C or 79.7 F to a depth of at least
50 m.
 Presence of Intertropical Convergence Zone. TYPHOON-
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 Greater amount of water vapor in the air in the lower

middle levels of the troposphere.
 Enough Coriolis Force to deflect the converging wind.
 Pre-existing low level disturbance and;
 Weak vertical wind shear that is less than 10 m/s.
ITCZ-
is an area near
TRADE
the equator
where the WINDS
northeast and
southeast trade
wjnds meet and
converge.
It appears as a
band of clouds
near the
Equator.
ITCZ
 the convergence of
trade winds plays a
major role in the
development of a
typhoon.
The said TRADE
convergence makes WINDS
the air masses rotate.
The rotation can EQUAT
cause it to become
 Maximum sustained winds
Classifications
near the Center (km/hr)

Tropical Depression (TD) <63

Tropical Storm (TS) 63-67
Severe Tropical Storm (STS) 88-117
Typhoon (T) 118 – 149
Severe Typhoon (ST) 150 – 184
Super Typhoon (SuperT) 185 or above
STAGE 4: TYPHOON,
EYE
HURRICANE, Calm center of circulation
CYCLONE  an area that has low
atmospheric pressure.
It makes more
energy from its
surroundings, it
develops into
“matured” tropical
cyclone which can
obtain EYE
a WALL
1-minute
wind of Is
at least
where the74
thunderstorms and
strongest
the
mph at fastest
an elevation
wind circulation
occur.
2. MONSOON TROUGH
 is a wind system that changes direction, depending on the
season.
 it is also described as the seasonal changes in weather
patterns associated with the asymmetric heating of land
and sea.
 The Philippines experiences two monsoons:
1. Amihan – also known as “northeast monsoon”.
- Sets in November and is felt until May.
- during dry season

2. Habagat – also known as “southwest monsoon”.

- Sets in May and felt until October.
- during wet season
TORNADO
 Locally known as ipo-ipo.
It is a rapidly swirling
condensation funnel whose
narrow ends comes in contact
with the ground. It usually
carries debris and other
objects that can be picked up
from the ground.
It occurs anywhere in an
average number of 12-24 times
a year.
TORNADO

Characterized by:
1. Storm
2. Debris
3. Fire
Coastal areas are transition places between land
and sea. These areas are considered low-lying. It is very
dynamic, it interacts with all natural systems and
processes that happened on land, in the marine
environment and in the atmosphere.

1.Coastal Erosion
2.Submersion
3.Storm Surges
4.Salt water intrusion
1.COASTAL
EROSION
 is the wearing away
of land and the
removal of beach or
dune sediments by
wave action, tidal
currents, wave
currents, drainage
or high winds.
2. SUBMERSION

The sediment that

is submerged
during rough
weather forms
landforms
including
storm bars.
3. STORM SURGES

Occurs when water

pushed inland by
very strong winds,
usually during very
strong typhoons
 4. SALTWATER
INTRUSION

is the movement

of saline water
into freshwater
aquifers which
can lead to
contamination of
drinking water
sources and other.
1. Prepare and
emergency
survival kit.
2. Create an
evacuation plan.
3. Know where the
evacuation center
is and how to get
there.
4.Listen to news
from any means.
1. Preparedness and
Mitigation
2.Response
3. Rehabilitation