Ansys Release 9 Presentation

Chapter 1
ANSYS Release 9.0
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Topics
i. Structural Enhancements
 Solid Shell Element
 Rezoning – 2D
 Mesh Independent Spotwelds
 Pre-Integrated Shell/Beams Sections
 Follower Forces
 Non-Linear Diagnostics and Contact
 Temperature Dependent Curve Fitting
 Frequency Dependent Harmonic Analysis
 Complex Eigen Solver (QR Damp)
ii. Miscellaneous Enhancements
 Local CYS for Function BC’s
 Static Cyclic Symmetry
 Component Based Acceleration
 CMS Superelements
iii. Thermal Radiation Enhancements
October 1, 2004
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
9.0 New Features Inventory #002156
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-2
Solid Shell Element 190

Shell Theory, Solid Shell Assembly and
numerical locking in low-order elements
• Nonlinear MPCs or • The error in the kinematic

transitional elements are approximation with linear 3D solid
elements becomes apparent in
required for connecting shell
bending dominant problems.
and solid elements.
• This error is magnified as the
• Treatment of variable
thickness decreases, which beyond
thickness is unclear. a certain ratio may make the FE
• Definition of contact model excessively stiff.
interaction needs special
• Current element technologies, such
attention. as the enhanced strain (or extra
• Difficulties in the shapes), are not sufficient to
specialization of general remedy this numerical locking in
three-dimensional material linear 3D solid elements.
laws to plane-stress state.
• Complicated update of
rotations in geometrically
nonlinear analyses October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-4
SolidShell 190
• Involves only displacement nodal

DOFs and features an eight-node
brick connectivity. Thus the r3
connection problem between solid r2 X3
and shell elements can be
eliminated. X2
• Performs well in simulating shell r1

structures with a wide range of X1
thickness (from extremely thin to
moderate thick).
 x x x 
R1   1 , 2 , 3 
• Is compatible with 3D constitutive  r1 r1 r1 
models and automatically accounts  x x x 
for thickness change. R2   1 , 2 , 3 
 r2 r2 r2 
• Performs well for both flat-plate and  x x x 
R3   1 , 2 , 3 
curved shells.  r3 r3 r3 
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-5
Convergence relative to mesh
refinement
Normalized shell thickness ( t / L) : 0.001, linear static analysis

1.2
Normalized Max. Deflection
0.8
0.6
0.4
Shell181 (enhanced strain)
0.2
Solid185 (enhanced strain)
SolidShell 190
0
1 6 11 16 21 26
Number of Elements Per Edge
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-6
Modal Analysis of a Hemi-sphere Shell
thickness = 0.001 mesh density = 15 x 15 (Thin Shell)

Mode Shell181 Enh Solid185 Enh SolidShell 190
1 3.07759484 8.239738235 3.071760383
2 21.24648643 103.9636569 21.22872394
3 53.86043052 350.1158379 53.82984828
4 99.48796565 758.7461212 99.48163717
5 158.4547881 1303.958847 158.4723161
6 232.5992189 1927.192569 232.6698198
7 325.8971451 2484.333703 326.0458065
thickness = 0.1 mesh density = 15 x 15 (Thick Shell)

Mode Shell181 Enh Solid185 Enh SolidShell 190
1 268.3336331 233.1024418 233.0809773
2 1401.119808 978.7538942 980.0141457
3 2400.852477 1761.461958 1763.326339
4 3284.527205 2224.35367 2225.628723
5 3590.50519 2403.006279 2402.639212
6 3670.531134 3157.10644 3155.306854
7 4179.724049 3418.795507 3420.088344
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-7
Car roof assembly under pressure load
Linear Static Analysis
Max. Deflection:
SOLID186: 0.001521
SOLID190: 0.001575
SOLID185: 0.001290
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-8
Large Deformation Example
• Half-symmetry about the Y-Z plane is used to
model a rigid target cylinder pushing upwards on Rigid
a SOLSH190 tapered beam (cyan-colored Target
elements) connected to SOLID185 columns Cylinder at
(purple-colored elements). Symmetry
• The SOLSH190 elements are stacked two Plane
through the thickness to allow 4 integration
points in that direction. Comm
• The SOLSH190 elements are joined to the on
SOLID185 elements by virtue of the same nodes Nodes
used for each. • SOLSH190
• The base of the column is fixed. ’s
• SOLID185’s
• Base
Fixed
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-9
Large Deformation Results
Stress
• Equivalent stress and

equivalent plastic
strain plots are shown
to the right (top and
bottom plots, Nice Transition Region …
respectively).
• Contact recognizes the

outer surface of the
SOLSH190’s and the
interface with the
SOLID185 elements
transfers the loads No Contact
correctly. Plastic Penetration …
Strain October 1, 2004
Inventory #002156
9.0 New Features
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-10
2D Rezoning

Need for Rezoning
• Mesh distortion terminates analysis
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-12
Rezoning in ANSYS
• What is rezoning?
– Remesh base on the deformed domain at a
selected substep
– Map the solved variables and achieve equilibrium
based on the mapped variables
– Resume the solution based on the new mesh
• Long term goal:
– Fully automatic rezoning with different adaptive
criteria to overcome mesh distortion and reduce
discretization error
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-13
Current status
• Manual rezoning for 2D

– Loads and boundary conditions:
• Plane 182, B-Bar formulation • Displacements
with or without mixed u/P • Forces
formulation
• Pressures
• All stress states, i.e. plane • Nodal temperature, applied by
strain, plane stress, BF,TEMP…
axisymmetric, generalized
plane strain – Remesh
• Manual remeshing
• All hyperelastic materials (TB,
Hyper…) – Select the elements to
remesh
• Analysis type:
– Generate a area
– Static analysis with nlgeom, – Create the new mesh by
on ANSYS meshing commands
– Based on multi-frame restart files
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-14
Rezoning Example
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-15
Rezoning Procedure
• The solution will stop at about 90% of the
total load. During the solution, there may
be errors generated about element
distortion, where ANSYS will then
automatically bisect.
• In the General Postprocessor, note the
excessive element distortion at the bottom
of the model.
• In the following steps, the solution from

TIME=0.8 will be used as the starting point
for manual rezoning. The rezoning will
create a new mesh based on the
deformed geometry at 80% of the load and
map the results from the old mesh to the
new one. The solution will then be
restarted from this point.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-16
Specify the Start of Manual Rezoning
• Restart from the point of 80% of the load

– GUI: Main Menu > Solution > Manual
Rezoning > Start
• In the GUI, select the second to the last
result set, which corresponds to the
loading of 81% (load step 1, substep 77).
• In the GUI, the deformed mesh at any
selected point can be evaluated by
selecting the “View Deformed Geometry”
button.
– Command: REZONE,MANUAL,1,77
REMESH,START
• The rezoning points are based on the multiframe
restart files (RESCONTROL command), not on
what results are saved in the .rst result file. In this
example, approximately ten evenly-spaced restart
points were requested prior to the initial solution.
• In the GUI, there is also an option to create a .rst
result file based on the selected multiframe restart
point (ANTYPE,,RESTART,,,RSTCREATE
command).
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-17
Create Remesh Zone
• Select the elements for rezoning

Rezoning > Create Remesh Zone(s) >
Select Rezone Elements
• A dialog box will appear describing what
to do. Click on “OK” to continue
• Select all elements of Type ID #1 after
prompted. In the widget, select
“Elements” “By Attributes” based on
“Elem type num” of “1”, and click on
“OK”
– Command: ESEL,S,TYPE,,1
• Create rezone area
Select Rezone Elements
• Accept defaults and click on “OK”
– Command: AREMESH
• A new area will be generated based on the
deformed mesh at TIME=0.8, as shown on the
right (outline in red).
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-18
Remesh New Area
• Remesh the newly-created area

MeshTool
• Under “Size Controls > Global > Set,”
verify that the element edge length is set
to 0.2
• Click on the “Mesh” button and mesh area
#2
– Command: ESIZE, 0.2
AMESH,2
• The remeshed area is shown on the right. Mesh
controls can be specified to enable the user to
obtain any type of desired mesh. In this example,
only a global element size was specified (same
global element size as original model), which may
result in a few triangular elements generated.
• Although the user can create a new mesh, please
note that general Preprocessing functions, such as
creating new geometric entities, are not available
during the manual rezoning phase, as these
preprocessing functions do not pertain to rezoning.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-19
Map Results from Old to New Mesh
• Regenerate loads, boundary conditions, and

contact pairs on the new model
Transfer Boundary Conditions
– Command: REMESH,FINISH
• Map results from the old to the new mesh
Rezoning > Create Remesh Zone(s) > Map
Results
– Command: MAPSOLVE
• The first step outlined here remaps all boundary
conditions (loads, displacement constraints, and
contact pairs) from the old to new mesh.
• The second step then remaps the solution
variables (displacements, stresses, strains) from
the old to new mesh and ensures equilibrium is
achieved.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-20
Continue New Solution
• Continue solution of new mesh • Review results in the General Postprocessor
– GUI: Main Menu > Finish – GUI: Main Menu > General Postproc > Read
– GUI: Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type Results > Last Set
> Restart – GUI: Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot
• Specify the last restart point, which Results > Contour Plot > Element Solution
should be load step “1” and substep • Select “Element Solution > Stress > von
“78”. Click on “OK” Mises Stress” and click on “OK”
– GUI: Main Menu > Solution > Solve > – Command: /POST1
Current LS SET,LAST
– Command: FINISH PLESOL,S,EQV
/SOLU
ANTYPE,,REST
SOLVE
• This time, the solution should complete to the
end since the rezoning process generated
better-quality elements from the restart point.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-21
Animate Results
• Animate Results
– GUI: Utility Menu > PlotCtrls >
Animate > Over Results …
– Command: ANDATA
• The animation of the deformed

mesh is shown on the right.
Although results are written to
different files for rezoning
operations, this is transparent to
the user.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-22
Mesh Independent Spot
Welds

Mesh Independent Spot Weld
• In automotive and/or aerospace industries,

many applications require modeling of spot
welds between two or more thin parts
• The strength and fatigue properties of thin
sheet components are considerably influenced
by spot welds
• The traditional model of spot welds:
– Matching meshes of different parts at spot weld
connection points.
– Effects of spot weld radius is not taken into account
– underestimates the strength of the spot weld
connection 9.0 New Features
October 1, 2004
Inventory #002156
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-24
Mesh Independent Spot Weld
• Parts can be meshed independently

• The spot weld can be located anywhere between multiple parts that
are to be connected in a finite element model regardless of the mesh.
• A spot weld is defined by the surfaces to be connected and a spot
weld node near the surfaces. The spot weld node determines the
location of spot weld
• The location of the spot weld can be independent of the location of the
nodes on the surface to be welded.
• The approach takes into account of effects of spot weld radius. ANSYS
will generate
– RBE3 type MPC via a contact pair on each spot weld surface. The
radius defines the range of force distribution.
– A beam element to link the two adjacent surfaces. The beam has
physical radius.
• The spot weld can be either rigid or deformed
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-25
Create a New Spot Weld Set
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-26
• SWGEN, Ecomp, SWRD, NCM1, NCM2, SND1, SND2, SHRD,

DIRX, DIRY, DIRZ, ITTY,I CTY
• ECOMP – Spot weld set name. It is the element component and it
is used to identify set of spot weld for list, output, and adding more
surfaces.
• NCM1/NCM2: – Spot weld surfaces
• Pre-defined node components (for select)
• Meshed areas (for pick)
• SND1: – First spot weld node. It determines the location of spot
weld. It can be one of node on surface NCM1 or an independent
node near the surface. ANSYS will determine the actual location
by projecting it onto surface NCM1.
Original position of
Original position of spot weld node 1
spot weld node 1
Spot weld node 1 Spot weld Spot weld node 1 Spot weld
After projection surface 1 After projection surface 1
Projection onto surface Projection direction October 1, 2004

9.0 New Features specified by user Inventory #002156
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-27
• SWRD – Spot weld radius. Each spot weld has a circular projection
onto the spot weld surface. By the definition of each contact pair,
ANSYS will form RBE3 type constraint equations internally which
distribute internal force of contact node (i.e. spot weld node) to the
target nodes lying with in the region of spot weld radius.
Spot weld radius
Nodes to be constrained
CONTA175
TARGE170 elements
CONTA175
(spot weld node 1)
Spot weld
surface 1
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-28
• Beam element – connects two spot weld surfaces.

– Rigid Link is a default : MPC184 with KEYOPT(1)=1
– Deformed Link : if current defined element type is
BEAM188 with proper Material ID and section ID
Example:
(solid circle)
MP,EX,3,200000000000. ! define spot weld material properties
MP,NUXY,3,0.3
SECTYPE,3,beam,csolid ! define a cylinder beam
SECDATA,2.75e-002 ! beam circular radius Spot weld node 2 Spot weld
A beam element
surface 2
ET,3,188 ! define a deformed spot weld MPC184/BEAM188
TYPE,3
MAT,3
SECNUM,3
*SET,NODE1,9000 ! define a spot weld node Spot weld node 1 Spot weld
N,NODE1,0.1,0.5,10.2 ! define location of spot weld surface 1
SWGEN,SWELD1,2.75e-2,2,3,NODE1 ! Spot sweld name=SWELD1,
! RADIUS=2.75e-2,
!Spot weld surfaces=AREA 2 and October 1, 2004
3.
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-29
Add more surfaces
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-30
Add more surfaces
More surfaces
SWADD, Ecomp, SHRD, NCM1, NCM2,
Spot weld
NCM3, NCM4, NCM5, NCM6, NCM7,
Spot weld node 4 surface 4 NCM8, NCM9
Ecomp - The name of an existing spot weld set
Beam3
which composes contact, target and beam
elements for the spot weld definition.
Spot weld
Spot weld node 3 surface 3 SHRD - Search radius. It defaults to 4 times of
spot weld radius SWRD
Spot weld radius Beam2 NCM1-NCM9 - Surfaces to be added the spot
weld set. Each surface can input by a pre-
Spot weld
Spot weld node 2
surface 2
defined node component or by a meshed area.
Beam1 - SWADD command can be repeated to add

more surfaces
Spot weld node 1 Spot weld - Max. number of allowable surfaces (including
surface 1 two from basic set) = 11.
Original position of
spot weld node 1
Basic spot weld set October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-31
Mesh-Independent Spot Weld
• SWDEL, Ecomp
• Delete spot weld set
- Ecomp - The name of an existing spot weld set.
- If Ecomp = ALL (default) all the spot welds are
deleted
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-32
• SWLIST, Ecomp
• List spot weld set
- Ecomp - The name of an existing
spot weld set.
- If Ecomp = ALL (default) all the spot
welds are Listed
• In POST1 not only elements and

contact pairs are listed but also
output beam results. For deformed
BEAM188 both forces/moments and
stresses are listed.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-33
Conta175
Beam188
Targ170
Output
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-34
Conta175
Beam188
Targ170
Output
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-35
Pre-integrated shell/beam
sections

Preintegrated Shell Section
N   A B    MT   S1   E11 E12   1 

 M    BT D  

    I

 BT  S    E   
      2   21 E22   2 
• A,B, D and E sub-matrices are symmetric

– Allow only bottom symmetric half to be defined
– MT, BT are generalized stresses caused by a fully
constrained unit temperature rise
•  is the current temperature, I is reference temperature
• A,B,D,E,MT,BT can be defined at 6 temperatures
independently
• Mass Density of shell/unit area may also be defined at 6
temperatures
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-37
Benefits/Limitations
• Benefits • Limitations
– No output of stresses
– Missing capability for 4
• Section resultants
node shells in ANSYS (membrane forces and
– Faster: no material point bending moments are
calculations or storage available)
– Ability to specify initial
– Third party software stresses is lost
provide the section – Linear material behavior
stiffness for layered, – Birth and death is not
sandwich or other supported (currently)
constructions – Not meaningful to use at
– Optimization with finite strains
• Thickness is not updated
homogenized behavior
– Offset is not allowed
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-38
Nonlin. Beam General Sections
 Ax( , t )   
N  
• We define the “section M  
 1 
F1 ( , t ) 0  
  1 
F2 ( , t )   
stiffness” directly as a M 2  
 T  Q( , t )
 2 
  
  
function of  S1   0
SF1 ( , t )  

S   SF2 ( , t )  1 
  2 
– “section strain” and  2
 
– Temperature
• There is no material
input necessary
Bending Moment
• We also define mass
density and thermal
expansion coefficient
– One temp. input per node
(no variation across
section)
Curvature
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-39
Benefits/Limitations
• Why? • Limitations
– Allows nonlinear – No coupling between Axial
relationships (elastic and and Bending behaviors
elasto-plastic) in terms of – Allows nonlinear elastic and
generalized stresses and plastic behavior
generalized strains – 20 points of stress-strain
supported
– Very efficient
– Stress-Strain curve may be
– Allows results from supplied at 6 temperatures
experiments or another slice – Not applicable for “Warping”
analysis as input Key-option
– Only SMISC quantities are
supported
• PRSSOL is meaningless
Beam188/
Beam184
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-40
Follower Forces

Follower load example
P P
P/100
Nodal loads
Follower loads
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-42
FOLLW201 element
• Real constants
• A “one” node element
– 6 values
– Must be used with nodes that • First three n1,n2,n3
are attached to shells & beams entrees are direction
(uses 6 d.o.f per node) cosines of the force vector
– No material, section, esys • Next three m1,m2,m3
attributes necessary entrees are direction
– Contributes to “stiffness” only cosines of the moment
vector
for NLGEOM,ON
– The vectors defined by real
• NROPT,UNSYM preferred
constants will evolve with
• Follower stiffness symmetrized deformation (follow the
for NROPT,FULL displacements)
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-43
Follower loads
• Follower loads are • SFE command is

non-conservative used to specify load
• Introduce magnitude
unsymmetric load • FACE 1 – force
stiffness contributions
• FACE 2 – moment
• Introduce stability
issues; flutter,
sfe,nel+1,1,pres,1,-load
dynamic stability
• Often counter intuitive
and non-predictable
• A simple cantilever
with follower load has
flutter instabilities
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-44
Nonlinear Diagnostics &
Contact

Diagnostic Tool
• Visualization and adjustment tools for initial

contact status
– CNCHECK, DETAIL: evaluate Contact Pair specifications
– CNCHECK, ADJUST: move contact nodes to target to close
gap or reduce penetration
– CNCHECK, POST: view contact initial status before solving
– CNCHECK, RESET: reset contact default settings
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-46
Diagnostic Tool
• NLDIAG,CONTACT,on
– File Jobname.cnd is written during
iteration/substep/loadsetp
– Lists on a pair-based items.
– Identify when and how contact occurs.
– When divergence occurs, it determines
the regions where contact is unstable.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-47
Temperature Dependent
Curve Fitting

Purpose and Experimental Data
• The purpose of the project is to generate coefficients from

temperature dependent experimental data.
• This is applicable to all HyperElastic, ViscoElastic(Prony Series) and
Implicit Creep models.
• This is an extension of the existing curve fitting capabilities for all the
above mentioned material models.
• Add data at various temperatures and as many as you like in the
following format. This is applicable to all experimental data types.
– (uniaxial, biaxial, volumetric, creep,…)
– Example;
– /temp,100
– 0.0 1
– 0.1 2
– 0.2 3
• Only one temperature per file.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-49
New Functionality
• A new option is added to enable temperature dependent curve

fitting.
• With the temperature dependent option on, The solver filters
experimental data depending on the temperature and generates
separate sets of coefficients at corresponding temperatures.
• There are two solution procedures
– Set a temperature and solve. Repeat this for all other
temperatures, verify/view the results and save the coefficient to
ansys material database.
– Set the temperature to “all” and solve. This will solve for all
temperatures at once. Verify/view the results and save to
database.
• The plot page plots the curves at all temperatures.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-50
Step by step procedure
• Import Experimental Data

– One temperature per file
• Pick an appropriate material model.
• Enable temperature dependent curve fitting
(tbft,set,categ,func,opt,tdep,1)
• Solution
– Set the temperature (tbft,set,categ,func,opt,tref,temp1)
– Solve
– Set the temperature (tbft,set,categ,func,opt,tref,temp2)
– Solve ……
Or
– Set the temperature (tbft,set,categ,func,opt,tref,all)
– Solve command solves for coefficients at all temperatures.
• Verify the results using plots for all temperatures.

• Save the data to Ansys database. October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-51
Sample Script
/prep7
! Define Material tbft,set,1,hyper,moon,2,tdep,1
tbft,fadd,1,hyper,moon,2 tbft,set,1,hyper,moon,2,tref,100
tbft,solve,1,hyper,moon,2,0
! Define Uniaxial Data tbft,set,1,hyper,moon,2,tref,200
tbft,eadd,1,unia,unia-100.exp tbft,solve,1,hyper,moon,2,0
tbft,eadd,1,unia,unia-200.exp tbft,set,1,hyper,moon,2,tref,300
tbft,eadd,1,unia,unia-300.exp tbft,solve,1,hyper,moon,2,0
tbft,eadd,1,unia,unia-400.exp tbft,set,1,hyper,moon,2,tref,400
tbft,solve,1,hyper,moon,2,0a
! Define Volumetric Data tbft,list,1
tbft,eadd,1,volu,volu-100.exp tbft,fset,1,hyper,moon,2
tbft,eadd,1,volu,volu-200.exp tblis,all,all
tbft,eadd,1,volu,volu-300.exp fini
tbft,eadd,1,volu,volu-400.exp
Contd ………..
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-52
Temperature Dependent
Uniaxial Experimental Data
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-53
Solver Page
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-54
HyperElastic Polynomial –
Uniaxial Data Fit at four temperatures
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-55
Saved Coefficients in Ansys
Material GUI
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-56
Frequency Dependent
Harmonic Analysis

Frequency Dependent Harmonic
Analysis
• Objectives
– Frequency and temperature dependent elastic
properties
– Frequency and temperature dependent
damping coefficient
– Calculate damping matrix from elements
– Support full harmonic response analysis
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-58
Analysis
• Equation of motion
Mu  Cu   K u  F
[M] – mass matrix
[C] – damping matrix
[K] – stiffness matrix
K    K e (E(), ())
C   Ce  Ce   s()Ke 
s – structure damping coefficient
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-59
Analysis
– Elasticity
• TB,ELASTIC Command
Isotropic elasticity (Ex, NUxy)
Orthotropic elasticity
(Ex,Ey,Ez,Gxy,Gxz,Gyz,Nuxy,Nuxz,Nuyz)
Use TBFIELD to define frequency and temperature
dependent elastic properties
– Damping coefficient
• TB,SDAMP (SDAMP - stand for structure damping)
Use TBFIELD to define Frequency and temperature
dependent damping coefficient
– Element supports
• 182, 183, 185, 186, 187 for all stress states
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-60
Analysis
• Elasticity
– The Command
– TB,ELASTIC,MAT,NTEMP,NPTS,TBOPT
– MAT
• Material number
– NTEMP
• Number of temperature
– NPTS
• Number of data point
• 2 – for isotropic elasticity
• 9 – for orthotropic elasticity
– TBOPT : elastic data table option
• IEL - isotropic elasticity behavior, the default
• OELN - orthotropic elasticity behavior with minor Poisson ratio
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-61
Analysis
Procedure
• Use ANSYS full harmonic analysis procedure
ANTYP,HARM
• Parallel to other ANSYS full harmonic analysis with
damping effect through commands such as ALPHA and
BETA; MP,DAMP; DMPR; …
• The DAMPING matrix from TB,SDAMP is additive to
other damping matrix, and therefore the damping effect
is “add on”
• TB,ELASTIC can be used with TB,SDAMP and also
MP,DAMP;ALPHA and BETA; DMPR.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-62
Analysis
• Example
– Define an elastic data table with frequency dependence
TB,ELASTIC,1, ,2 ! Elastic data table
TBFIELD , FREQ,25 ! First frequency value
TBFIELD , TEMP,25 ! First temperature value
TBDATA,1,2.50e11,0.3 ! E and 
TBFIELD ,FREQ,50 ! Second frequency value
TBDATA,1,2.0e11,0.3
TBFIELD ,TEMP,50 ! Second temperature value
TBFIELD ,FREQ,75 ! Third frequency value
TBDATA,1,1.5e11,0.3
TBFIELD ,FREQ,100 ! Forth frequency value
TBDATA,1,1.0e11,0.3
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-63
Analysis
• Example
– Define a damping coefficient data table with frequency
dependence
TB,SDAMP,1, ,1 ! damping data table
TBFIELD , FREQ,25 ! First frequency value
TBFIELD , TEMP,25 ! First temperature value
TBDATA,1, 0.2 ! Damping co.
TBFIELD ,FREQ,50 ! Second frequency value
TBDATA,1, 0.19
TBFIELD ,TEMP,50 ! Second temperature value
TBFIELD ,FREQ,75 ! Third frequency value
TBDATA,1, 0.18
TBFIELD ,FREQ,100 ! Forth frequency value
TBDATA,1, 0.17
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-64
Analysis
• SOLUTION procedure
– /SOLUTION
– ANTYPE,HARMIC ! Harmonic response analysis
– HROPT,FULL ! Full harmonic response
– HROUT,OFF ! Turn off printout
– HARFRQ,25,400 ! Frequency range
– NSUB,16,,16
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-65
Analysis
Material Properties
Cantilever beam subject to 3.0E+11
Young's modulus as function of frequency
uniform pressure 2.5E+11
2.0E+11
1.5E+11
1.0E+11
5.0E+10
0.0E+00
0 100 200 300 400
Damping coefficient as function of frequency

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 100 200 300 400
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-66
Analysis
• Comparison of displacement
1.2E-06
1.0E-06 Results from FDM

Expected results
8.0E-07
di
6.0E-07
4.0E-07
2.0E-07
0.0E+00
0 100 200 300 400 500
Note
Reference solution is obtained by defining material properties with the
corresponding frequency at every load step
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-67
QR Damp Eigensolver

QR Damp Eigensolver
• In CAE applications where structural dynamic response of non-

conservative systems need evaluated we encounter a structural
stiffness matrix that may be non-symmetric.
• Example: Non-symmetric stiffness contributions resulting from

friction forces between contact surfaces.
•Suited for Brake Friction models and other applications such as

rotor-dynamic stability investigations, et al.
•The QR damp mode extraction method has been extended to

account for non-symmetric stiffness matrices in Modal Analysis.
MODOPT, QRDAMP, n
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-75
QR Damp Eigensolver: Procedure
• Initially, any element contributing non-symmetric [K] is symmetrized

and a Block Lanczos eigensolution performed
• Then, in a second pass, non-symmetric element stiffness contribution

is projected onto the modal subspace.
• Finally, the reduced non-symmetric quadratic eigenproblem is solved

in the modal subspace.
• Much faster and requires lesser computational resources than the

existing DAMP or UNSYM eigensolvers
•Designed to handle a globally non-symmetric [K] where the

unsymmetry is a result of only a few non-symmetric elements in the
model
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-76
QR Damp Eigensolver
• When complex eigenvalues are present the eigenvectors will be complex

• QR damp mode extraction method now extracts complex eigenvectors
when requested.
• QR damp solver is supported in partial solutions module (PSOLVE ) to
account for non-linear pre-stress (NLGEOM, ON and PSTRES, ON)
effects
• Useful in applications such as brake friction modeling with contact
elements, CONTA178, for example.
• To retain the non-symmetric [K] in PSOLVE modal analysis set
NROPT, UNSYM in the preceding static pre-stress analysis part
MODOPT, QRDAMP, n, , , cpxmode
cpxmode = YES -> extract complex modes
PSOLVE, EIGQRDA
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-77
Simple Brake Model
/SOL
antype,static
time,1
outres,nsol,all
autots,-1
nsubst,1,10,1
ematwr,yes
allsel
PSTR,ON
NLGEOM,ON
NROP,UNSYM
cnvtol,u,,0.001
SOLVE
FINISH
/solu
antype,modal
modopt,qrda,10,,, on
mxpand,10
pstr,on
psolve,eigqrda
psolve,eigexp
fini
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-78
Brake Model
*** UNDAMPED FREQUENCIES FROM BLOCK ***** DAMPED FREQUENCIES FROM REDUCED DAMPED
LANCZOS ITERATION *** EIGENSOLVER *****
MODE FREQUENCY (HERTZ) MODE CPX FREQ (HERTZ) MODAL DAMP RATIO
1 0.2010123605524 1 0.0000000 0.23599942 j 0.0000000
2 0.2359842118663 0.0000000 -0.23599942 j 0.0000000
3 0.2473789086098 2 0.0000000 0.26950444 j 0.0000000
4 0.2649397833890 0.0000000 -0.26950444 j 0.0000000
5 0.2834619725598 3 0.0000000 0.30163581 j 0.0000000
6 0.2908635371466 0.0000000 -0.30163581 j 0.0000000
7 0.3179868238312 4 0.0000000 0.34132210 j 0.0000000
8 0.3591154172295 0.0000000 -0.34132210 j 0.0000000
9 0.3667578353825 5 0.0000000 0.58554351 j 0.0000000
10 0.5055839775250 0.0000000 -0.58554351 j 0.0000000
6 ……
*** WARNING *** CP = 0.000 7 ……
TIME= 00:00:00
Eigenfrequencies from Block Lanczos eigensolution
have been obtained by symmetrizing non-symmetric
stiffness matrix coefficients. In the downstream QR
Brake Model
damp eigensolution full non-symmetric stiffness matrix – Freqs.
will be used.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-79
Brake Model
Brake Model
PSOLVE,
QRDAMP
solution
Mode shape 5 (real part)
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-80
Brake Model
Brake Model
PSOLVE,
QRDAMP
solution
Mode shape 5 (imag. part)
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-81
Local CYS for function BC’s

Function loads in local coordinate system
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-83
Post1 Surface Calculations
• Post1 surface calculations- New “Cylinder” surface. Creates a cylindrical cut

through the model of user specified radius and orientation.
• Map results on to the cylindrical surface to perform calculations
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-84
Component based
Acceleration

Component Based Acceleration
• Apply apply inertia forces on different element components,

based on the accelerations on the different parts of the
structure.
• CMACEL, CM_NAME, CMACELX, CMACELY, CMACELZ
– CM_NAME The name of the element component
– CMACELX, CMACELY, CMACELZ
– Linear acceleration of the element component
CM_NAME in the global Cartesian X, Y, and Z axis
directions, respectively.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-89
Example
/prep7
…
nsel,s,loc,z,0,-72
esln,,1
cm,roof1,elem
nsel,s,loc,z,-75,-140
esln
cm,roof2,elem
esln,,1
cm,roof3,elem
esln
cm,roof4,elem
esel,all /solu
nsel,al antype,static
Fini cmacel,roof1,,0.36
cmacel,roof2,,0.37
cmacel,roof3,,0.38
cmacel,roof4,,0.39
solve
fini October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-90
CMS - Superelements

Expansion in transformed location
• Expand the substructure results in transformed

location if SETRAN or SESYMM command is
applied in USE pass.
• SEEXP, Sename, Usefil, Imagky, Expopt
– Expopt: Key to specify whether the
superelement expansion pass
• RSTOFF, Lab, OFFSET
– Offsets node or element IDs in the FE
geometry record.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-92
Example
!left wing is from right wing in USE pass

/prep7
et,1,50
se,RightWing
sesymm, LeftWing, X, 100, se2, sub
se,se2
cp,...
fini
! expansion Pass
/assign,rst,rightwing,rst
/solution
expass,on
seexp,rightwing,use, ,on
rstoff, node, nof2
rstoff, elem, eof2
numexp,all
solve
finish October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-93
CMSFILE command enhancement
• Handle the CMS result file, but also other types of

result file. So, the user can keep FEM parts in CMS
analysis and postprocess the substructure expanded
result files and FEM result files together.
• CMSFILE, Option, Fname, Ext, CmsKey
• CmsKey
– Valid only when adding a results file (Option = ADD or ALL),
this key specifies whether or not to check the specified .rst
file to determine if it was created via a CMS expansion pass:
– ON — Check (default).
– OFF — Do not check.
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-94
Thermal Radiation
Enhancements

Radiosity Solution Enhancements
• Post Process radiation data via SURF251/252 element

types
• Efficient solution for fine surface meshes via
decimation/agglomeration
• Efficient solution for models with symmetry planes
• Features
– Decimation of thermal mesh
– Planar Symmetry
– Cyclic Symmetry
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-96
Radiosity Solution Enhancements
• The following new commands allow generation of

SURF251/252 elements:
– RDEC : This specifies decimation parameters for coarsening
– RSYM: allows user to define symmetry parameters
– RSURF: action command to generate the surface elements
• Use the NMISC records of SURF251/252 Elements
to print /display the following:
– area of each surface element
– temperature of surface element
– emissivity of surface element
– enclosure # of surface element
– net radiation heat flux leaving surface element
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-97
Decimation Concept
Thermal via PLANE55 Radiation via coarse SURF251
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-98
Planer and Cyclic Symmetry
POS(plane of symmetry)
specified by user via CS
command 2 repetitions original
original
1 reflection only
COR(center of rotation)
specified by user via CS
command
Reflection is NOT the same as Repetition !!! October 1, 2004

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-99
Planer Symmetry
PLANE55
SURF251
2 Planes of symmetry
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-100
Cyclic Symmetry
PLANE55
Cyclic Symmetric Plane
Center of rotation
SURF251
October 1, 2004
© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. 1-101

Ansys Release 9 Presentation

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Ansys Release 9 Presentation

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 1

ANSYS Release 9.0

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Nonlinear MPCs or • The error in the kinematic

• Involves only displacement nodal

• Performs well in simulating shell r1

Normalized shell thickness ( t / L) : 0.001, linear static analysis

thickness = 0.001 mesh density = 15 x 15 (Thin Shell)

thickness = 0.1 mesh density = 15 x 15 (Thick Shell)

Linear Static Analysis

• Equivalent stress and

• Contact recognizes the

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Mesh distortion terminates analysis

• Manual rezoning for 2D

• In the following steps, the solution from

• Restart from the point of 80% of the load

• Select the elements for rezoning

• Remesh the newly-created area

• Regenerate loads, boundary conditions, and

• The animation of the deformed

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• In automotive and/or aerospace industries,

• Parts can be meshed independently

• SWGEN, Ecomp, SWRD, NCM1, NCM2, SND1, SND2, SHRD,

Projection onto surface Projection direction October 1, 2004

• Beam element – connects two spot weld surfaces.

Beam1 - SWADD command can be repeated to add

• In POST1 not only elements and

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

N   A B    MT   S1   E11 E12   1 

• A,B, D and E sub-matrices are symmetric

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Follower loads are • SFE command is

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Visualization and adjustment tools for initial

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• The purpose of the project is to generate coefficients from

• A new option is added to enable temperature dependent curve

• Import Experimental Data

• Verify the results using plots for all temperatures.

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

uniform pressure 2.5E+11

Damping coefficient as function of frequency

1.0E-06 Results from FDM

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• In CAE applications where structural dynamic response of non-

• Example: Non-symmetric stiffness contributions resulting from

•Suited for Brake Friction models and other applications such as

•The QR damp mode extraction method has been extended to

• Initially, any element contributing non-symmetric [K] is symmetrized

• Then, in a second pass, non-symmetric element stiffness contribution

• Finally, the reduced non-symmetric quadratic eigenproblem is solved

• Much faster and requires lesser computational resources than the

•Designed to handle a globally non-symmetric [K] where the

• When complex eigenvalues are present the eigenvectors will be complex

MODOPT, QRDAMP, n, , , cpxmode

cpxmode = YES -> extract complex modes

Mode shape 5 (real part)

Mode shape 5 (imag. part)

© 2004 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Post1 surface calculations- New “Cylinder” surface. Creates a cylindrical cut