Biological

Molecules

Lecturer team of Biology

Agricultural Technology Faculty
Brawijaya University
 Perubahan Materi
• Pendahuluan • Ekologi
• Biologi Material • Biodiversitas
• Struktur sel
• Tanaman
• Bioenergetika sel
• Pertumbuhan dan • Hewan
Perkembangan sel • Mikroorganisme
• Klasifikasi • Gen
mikroorganisme
• Siklus Unsur
• Biotechnology
UTS UAS
 OVERVIEW

Carbohydrate Lipid Protein

Biological Molecules
 Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Monosaccharides-

• The simplest carbohydrate are

monosaccharides.
• These are sugars. They include glucose,
fructose, and galactose.
• These three monosaccharides each have
six carbon atoms.
• So they are also known as hexose sugars.
• Their molecular formula is C6H12O6

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Monosaccharides-

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Monosaccharides-

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Disaccharides-

• Two monosaccharides can link together to form a

disaccharide.
• Two glucose molecules can link to produce maltose.
• The bond that joins them together is called a
glycosidic bond.
• As the two monosaccharides react and the glycosidic
bond forms, a molecule of water (H2O) is released.
• This type of reaction is known as a condensation
reaction.

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Disaccharides-

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Polysaccharides-

Biological Molecules
 CARBOHYDRATE
-Polysaccharides-

Biological Molecules
 Important
Polysaccharides

Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules
 Important
Polysaccharides

Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules
 Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Biological Molecules
 LIPID

Biological Molecules
 LIPID
-Fatty Acid Type-

Biological Molecules
 LIPID
-Triglycerides-

Biological Molecules
LIPID STRUCTURE

Biological Molecules
 Important Lipid
-Phospholipid-

Biological Molecules
 Important Lipid
-Phospholipid-

Biological Molecules
 Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Biological Molecules
 PROTEIN
-Amino Acids-

Biological Molecules
 AMINO ACIDS
TYPE
Glycine (G) Alanine (A) Valine (V) Isoleucine (I) Leucine (L)

Proline (P) Methionine (M) Phenylalanine (F) Tryptophan (W) Asparagine (N)

Glutamine (Q) Serine Threonine (T) Tyrosine (Y) Cysteine (C)

(S)

Asparatic acid (D) Glutamic acid (E) Lysine (K) Arginine (R) Histidine (H)

White: Hydrophobic, Green: Hydrophilic, Red: Acidic, Blue: Basic

Biological Molecules
AMINO ACIDS
TYPE

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 The Peptide
Linkage

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 Protein Structure

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 Protein Structure

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 Protein Structure

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●Struktur tersier
Struktur tersier protein adalah lipatan secara
keseluruhan dari rantai polipeptida sehingga
membentuk struktur 3 dimensi tertentu. Sebagai
contoh, struktur tersier enzim sering padat,
berbentuk globuler. Lihat contoh Gambar 3.

Gambar 3.
Struktur tersier protein
●Struktur kuartener
Beberapa protein tersusun atas lebih dari satu rantai polipeptida. Struktur
kuartener menggambarkan subunit-subunit yang berbeda dipak bersama-
sama membentuk struktur protein. Sebagai contoh adalah molekul
hemoglobin manusia yang tersusun atas 4 subunit, yang dipaparkan pada
Gambar 4.

Gambar 3.
Struktur kuartener protein
Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules
 REFERENCES

• Jones, M. 2010. Biology. Hodder education.

London
• Price,G. 2006. Biology: An Illustrated Guide
to Science. Infobase Publishing. New York

Biological Molecules
 Te Ri Ma Ka Sih

Biological Molecules