ECONOMIC OPERATION OPTIMIZATION FOR 2nd USE

BATTERIES IN BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY:

Asst. Prof. Pretty Mary Tom Parvathy B
Dept. of EEE S7. EEE
Roll No: 22
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CONTENT

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

SL.NO AUTHOR CITATION FEATURES

1 Y.Jiang , J.Jiang , “Recognition of battery aging variations for LiF𝑒𝑃𝑂4

C.Zhang , y. Gao batteries in 2nd use applications combing incremental
and O. Guo capacity analysis and statical approaches” J. Power
Sources, vol. 360, pp. 180–188, Aug. 2017.

E.Reihani, S. Sepasi, ‘‘Energy management at the distribution grid using a

L. R. Roose, and M. battery energy storage system (BESS),’’ Int. J. Elect.
2 Matsuura Power Energy Syst., vol. 77, pp. 337–344, May 2016.

M. R. Sarker, M. D. ‘‘Optimal operation of a battery energy storage

Murbach, system: Trade-off between grid economics and
3 D.T. Schwartz, and storage health,’’ Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 152, pp.
M.A.OrtegaVazquez 342–349, Nov. 2017

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INTRODUCTION

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WHAT IS BESS?

• Battery energy storage system (BESS) is system that stores energy via
the use of a battery technology for it to be used at a later time.
Commonly found BESS are:
VRLA or Valve Regulated Lead Acid batteries
Lithium Ion batteries
Vanadium Flow batteries
Sodium Nickel batteries
Liquid metal batteries

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 Cntd-
• BESS are a sub-set of energy storage system (ESS).
• Energy storage system is a general term for the ability of a system to store
energy using thermal electro-mechanical and electro-chemical solutions.
• A BESS typically uses electro-chemical solutions.

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 Characteristics of a BESS
• Round-trip efficiency - Indicates the amount of usable energy that can be
discharged from a storage system relative to the amount of energy that was
put in. Typical values range from 60% to 95%.
• Response Time - Amount of time required for a storage system to go from
standby mode to full output.
• Ramp Rate - Ramp rate indicates the rate at which storage power can be
varied.
• Energy Retention time or Standby Losses - Energy retention time is the
amount of time that a storage system retains its charge.
• Power Density - Power density indicates the amount of power that can be
delivered for a given amount of area, volume, or mass.
• Depth of Discharge (DoD) — Refers to the amount of the battery’s capacity
that has been utilized. 7
 STATE OF HEALTH(SoH)

State of health (SoH) is a figure of merit of the condition of

a battery (or a cell, or a battery pack), compared to its ideal conditions.
The units of SoH are percent points (100% = the battery's conditions
match the battery's specifications).
Typically, a battery's SoH will be 100% at the time of manufacture and
will decrease over time and use. However, a battery's performance at
the time of manufacture may not meet its specifications, in which case
its initial SoH will be less than 100%.

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 C-RATE
• Charge and discharge rates are often given as C or C-rate, which is a
measure of the rate at which a battery is charged or discharged relative
to its capacity. The C-rate is defined as the charge or discharge current
divided by the battery's capacity to store an electrical charge.

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SOH TEST FLOWCHART

• Fig. shows the experimental two step flow chart

including capacity and cycle – aging test.
• Both experiments are performed under room
temperature(25°C ± 2°C)
• The performance test is conducted every 100 cycles to
obtain the characteristics battery parameters during the
process of aging under certain C-rates
• The aging test is conducted under different C-rates
with constant current charging and discharging.

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 Fig. shows the SOH degradation of batteries
at 0.5C,1C and 2C
Higher cycle rates leads to larger SOH

Fig: Battery SOH measurements at various cycles rates

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Formulation of power scheduling optimization:

a) Operation cost model

b) Optimal power scheduling method based on particle swam
optimization method

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1.MAINTENANCE COST

The maintenance cost can be calculated

𝐶 = 𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑥 + 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝐶𝑓

Where,
C = Operation Cost
𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑥 = Maitanane Cost

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