Presented by:

Research
 A purposive,
systematic, and
scientific inquiry.
It is the process of finding out facts
that relate to question that you
have asked. (Wilson & Rory, 2011)
Kinds of Research
 According to Goal

•Basic/Pure Research
•Applied Research
•It is a research that tries to expand the already
existing scientific knowledge.

•The fundamental goal of the basic research is to add some

knowledge to the already existing one.
• A research that is used to mean the
scientific study that is helpful in solving
real-life problems.

•It is directed towards finding a solution to the

problem under consideration.
 why?
To discover new facts
about known
phenomena.
 why?
To find better answers to
problems partially solved
by existing information.
 why?
Improve existing
techniques & develop new
instruments or products
 why?
To provide basis for decision-
making in business, industry,
education, government, and
other undertakings.
 why?

To satisfy
curiosity
 why?
To answer queries
through scientific
methods
 why?

To expand and verify

knowledge
 Characteristics

Manpower, Money,
Means, Material,
Method, Moment of Time
 Characteristics

Gathers new knowledge or

data from primary or first
hand sources
 Characteristics

It is expert, systematic,
and accurate investigation
 Characteristics

It is logical and
objective
 Characteristics

It is carefully
recorded and
reported
 Characteristics

It is empirical and
analytical
 Characteristics

Endeavors to
organize data
Characteristics

Cyclical
Characteristics

Replicable
The Research
Process
 Processes

Review the
Literature
 Processes

Determining the
problem
 Processes

Forming a
Hypothesis
 Processes

Designing the study

 Processes

Developing the
instruments for
collecting data
 Processes

Collecting the data

 Processes

Analyzing the data

 Processes
Determining the
implications and
conclusions from the
findings
 Processes

Making
recommendations
 Research:
Qualitative vs Quantitative

Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2008).

 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Purpose
To understand To test
hypotheses, look
& interpret at cause & effect,
social & make
interactions. predictions.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Group studied
Smaller & not Larger &
randomly randomly
selected. selected.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Variables
Study of the Specific
whole, not variables
variables. studied
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Type of Data
Words, Numbers
images, or and
objects. statistics.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Form of Data
Open- ended Data based on precise
responses, interviews, measurements using
participant structured & validated
observations, field data-collection
notes, & reflections. instruments.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Data Analysis
Identify Identify
patterns,
features,
statistical
themes. relationships.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Objectivity
Subjectivity Objectivity is
is expected. critical.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Scientific Method
The researcher The researcher
generates a new tests the
hypothesis and hypothesis and
theory from the theory with the
data collected. data.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative

Results
Particular or Generalizable
specialized findings that can
findings that is be applied to
less generalizable. other populations.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Focus
Examines the Tests a
breadth & specific
depth of
phenomena. hypotheses.
 Qualitative vs Quantitative
Final Report
Narrative report with
contextual description Statistical report with
correlations, comparisons
& direct quotations of means, & statistical
from research significance of findings.
participants.
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2008).
 Methods / Levels /
Approach of Investigation

Quantitative
Experimental, Non-Experimental,
Descriptive, Correlational, Survey, Ex Post Facto,
Comparative
 Methods / Levels /
Approach of Investigation

Qualitative
Narrative, Ethnographic, Phenomenological,
Case Study, Grounded Theory
End of Chapter 1