BIOCHEMISTRY

BIOMOLECULES IN SOME CELL ORGANELLES

INTRODUCTION
CELL IS KNOWN TO BE THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE OR
OFTEN CALLED THE “BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE"
WHICH IS COMPOSE OF DIFFERENT SUBCELLULAR
COMPONENTS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT
BIOMOLECULES. ALL CELLS HAVE NUCLEIC ACIDS,
PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS.
INTRODUCTION
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENTIAL
CENTRIFUGATION IS DONE PUTTING THE
SOLUTION OF HOMOGENIZED ORGANELLES IN A
VARIABLE SPEED CENTRIFUGE AND ROTATING THEN
AT A HIGHER RATE OF SPEED. THE STEPWISE
INCREASE IN THE SPEED OF CENTRIFUGATION IS
HIGHLY ESSENTIAL.
PROCEDURE
DATA AND RESULTS
BIURET TEST (proteins)

This blue colored is still match to its principle that when Diluted copper sulfate
is dropped in alkaline medium will yield purple color compound due to
foundation of copper complex. It is seen that proteins are present in the
mixture because the blue colored will later be purple colored, if the
precipitate combined have color blue to pink, these indicate presence of
peptide.
MOLISCH TEST (carbohydrtaes)

-When the monosaccharide reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid,

hydroxide (-OH) group of sugar are removed formed as water (dehydration)
and furfural is formed because hydroxymethyl furfural and pentose sugar
was formed from hexose sugar.
-sulphonated naptol in alcohol reacts with furfural to complete a violet color
ple complex. This means that the suspensions were positive in presence of
carbohydrates.
LEIBERMAN TEST (lipids)

-This contrasts the expected color compound which is bluish green color. But in
some literature, Carotene can be detected in low quantity as 0.01 mg dissolved
in chloroform by means of concentrated sulfuric acid.
- Copper-colored crystals of carotene exposed to sunlight and air turn yellow
brown. Carotene, thus oxidized, does not give the characteristic color when
dissolved in chloroform and treated with acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid. A
brown color instead of the green develops
SALKOWSKI TEST (lipids)

- reason why this color is formed is the sulphuric acid sulphonates the
molecule of bi-cholestadiene at 7,7' position of aromatic ring , thus red color
bi- sulphonic acid of bi-cholestadiene is formed if cholesterol is present.
Nature of concentrate sulphuric acid is hygroscopic due to this it removes
two molecules of water from cholesterol. Formation of red color confirms
cholesterol. Other colors are due to presence of other phytochemicals.
DISCH TEST (DNA)

In our result, the color compounds result in brown color, which

contradicts the expected result. According to some studies that
involve this experiments, Dische test gave negative results
especially when there is brownish color, and cloudy form in the
precipitate.
ORCINOL TEST (RNA)

This also signifies that there is a negative result in it because the

color to be seen is bluish color. In addition to the color changes
here in Nucleic Acids, one of the indication if the tests are positive
is when you have a crumpled fibers in the solution. In the
experiment, crumpled fibers were there in the solution and that
means DNA and RNA were present.
CONCLUSION

-Nuclei are the heaviest subcellular component, next

suspension is composed of mitochondria and lastly is
supernatant composing least dense components Golgi
apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, ribosomes
and cell membrane.

-The nucleus gave a positive result for the biuret test, which
indicates the presence of proteins.
CONCLUSION

-The supernatant gave a positive result for the biuret test,

Molisch test and Lipids test (leiberman and Salkowski test
indicating the presence of carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids.

-The bigger and/or heavier molecules are found in the

sediment, while the lighter components are on the
supernatant liquid.
 RECOMMENDATION
1. To get positive result in qualitative tests, the group should have
a proper knowledge about the experiment to be performed.

2. Careful execution of the procedures like making exact

measurements, proper usage of apparatuses and following the
certain instructions could help in achieving the positive results.
Also, the reagents from the laboratory should be prepared well
in order to prevent errors in the experiment.

3. Another factor is to increase the concentration of the

subcellular components to be able to attain an indication of
positive results. The environmental or surroundings may also
affect the outcome of the experiment.
REFERENCES:
Far Eastern University[FEU] Institute of Arts and Sciences (2017). SUBCELLULAR COMPONENTS.
Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/338964547/Formal-Report-Subcellular-
Components

Levine and Bien (1934). “Liebermann-Burchard Reaction with Carotene”. Retrieved from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-31-7326C