GROUP MEMBERS

 Abdul Haseeb (2k15-ELE-10)

 Muhammad Hassan Khan (2k15-ELE-24)
OVER CURRENT RELAY
&
RELAY PROTECTION
COORDINATION
OVER CURRENT RELAY

 Overcurrent Relay is a type of the protection relay, which

operates when the current increases beyond the operating
value of the relay.
Working Principle of Over Current Relay
Types of Over Current Relay
Depending upon time of operation, there are various types
of Over Current relays, such as:-

 Instantaneous over current relay.

 Definite time over current relay.
 Inverse time over current relay.
Instantaneous Over Current Relay
 The relay operates as soon as the current in the coil gets
higher than pick upsetting current. There is no intentional
time delay applied. But there is always an inherent time
delay which we cannot avoid practically. In practice, the
operating time of an instantaneous relay is of the order of
a few milliseconds.
Definite Time Over Current Relay
 This relay is created by applying intentional time delay
after crossing pick up the value of the current. A definite
time overcurrent relay can be adjusted to issue a trip
output at an exact amount of time after it picks up. Thus,
it has a time setting adjustment and pickup adjustment.
Inverse Time Over Current Relay
 Inverse time is a natural character of any induction type
rotating device. Here, the speed of rotation of rotating
part of the device is faster if the input current is more. In
other words, time of operation inversely varies with input
current.
Inverse Definite Minimum Time(IDMT)
over current relay
 The characteristic is inverse in the initial part, which
tends to a definite minimum operating time as the current
becomes very high.
 Flux saturates at high values of current and the relay
operating torque which is proportional to the square of
flux, and does not increase substantially after the
saturation sets in.
Very Inverse Time Over Current Relay
 The inverse characteristic of the relay is more than the
IDMT.
 Such type of relay is used in the feeder and on long
transmission lines.
 It is used for sensing the fault current which is free from
the fault location.
Extremely Inverse Time Over Current Relay
 The characteristic time of the relay is extremely large as
compared to the IDMT and the Very inverse relay. This
relay is used for protecting the cable, transformer etc.
 The relay gives the fast operation in the fault conditions
because of their fault time characteristic.
Relay Protection Coordination

 Relay Protection Coordination means that downstream

devices (breakers/fuses) should activate before upstream
devices.
 This minimizes the portion of the system affected by a
fault or other disturbance. At the substation level, feeder
breakers should trip before the main breaker.
 Likewise, downstream panel breakers should trip before
the substation feeder supplying the panel.
Relay Protection Coordination

 Relay co-ordination plays an important role in the

protection of power system.
 For proper protection, proper coordination of relays with
appropriate relay settings is to be done.
 Relay settings are done in such a way that proper
coordination is achieved along various series network.
Relay Protection Coordination

To calculate the actual relay operating time, the following

parameters is needed:

 Time / PSM Curve

 Plug Setting
 Time Setting
 Fault Current
 Current Transformer Ratio
Relay Protection Coordination

The process for calculating the actual relay operating time is

as the follows:
 Convert the fault current into the relay coil current by
using the current transformer ratio.
 Express the relay current as a multiple of current setting,
i.e. calculate the PSM
 From the Time/PSM curve of the relay, with the calculated
PSM the corresponding time of operation can be obtained.
 Determine the actual time of operation by multiplying the
above time of the relay by time-setting multiplier in use.
THANKYOU