QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Quadratic Equations (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 113-135)
 Week 3 Day 3
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the chapter the students are expected to:

• Solve quadratic equations using different methods,

•Solve equations in quadratic form,
• Solve equations leading to quadratic equation, and
• Solve real-world problems that involve quadratic equation.
 Week 3 Day 3
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To distinguish between pure quadratic equation and complete

quadratic equation,
• To determine the number and type of solutions or roots of a
quadratic equation based on the discriminant,
• To define complex numbers, and
• To solve quadratic equations by factoring, square root method,
completing the square and quadratic formula.
 Week 3 Day 3
DEFINITION

QUADRATIC EQUATION
A quadratic equation in x is an equation that can be written in
the standard form
ax  bx  c  0
2

where a, b, and c are real numbers and a  0 .

a represents the numerical coefficient of x2 ,

b represents the numerical coefficient of x, and
c represents the constant numerical term.

Example:
2x 2  0 2x2  50  0

2x2  7x  0 5x 2  3x  3  0
 Week 3 Day 3

• Pure Quadratic Equation

If b=0, then the quadratic equation is termed a "pure"

quadratic equation.
Example: 3x2 +6=0

• Complete Quadratic Equation

If the equation contains both an x and x2 term, then it is a

"complete" quadratic equation.

The numerical coefficient c may or may not be zero in a

complete quadratic equation.
Example: x2 +5x+6=0 and 2x2 - 5x = 0
 Week 3 Day 3
DEFINITION

DISCRIMINANT OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

The term inside the radical, b2 -4ac, is called the discriminant.

The discriminant gives important information about the
corresponding solutions or roots of ax 2
 bx  c  0
where a, b, and c are real numbers and a  0 .

b2 -4ac Solutions or Roots

Positive Two distinct real roots
Zero One real root (a double or repeated root)
Negative Two complex roots(complex conjugates)
 Week 3 Day 3
EXAMPLE

Determine the nature of roots of the following

quadratic equation.

1. x 2  4 x  5  0
2. x 2  2 x  5  0
3. 4 x 2  12 x  9  0
4. 9 x 2  12 x  4  0
5. x  6 x  3  0
2
 DEFINITION Week 3 Day 3
COMPLEX NUMBER

A complex number is an expression of the form a  bi

where a and b are real numbers and i   1  i2  1
a is the real part and b is the imaginary part .
EXAMPLE
Real Part Imaginary Part
3  4i 3 4
1 2 1 2
 i 
2 3
2 3
6i 0 6
-7 -7 0
 Week 3 Day 3
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

There are four algebraic methods of solving quadratic equation

in one variable, namely:

• solution by factoring

• solution by square root method

• solution by completing the square

• solution by quadratic formula

 Week 3 Day 3

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING

The Factoring Method applies the Zero Product Property which states
that if the product of two or more factors equals zero, then at least one
of the factors equals zero.
Thus if B·C=0, then B=0 or C=0 or both.

STEPS:
1. Write the equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
2. Factor the left side completely.
3. Apply the Zero Product Property to find the solution set.
 EXAMPLE Week 3 Day 3
Solve the following equations.
Classroomex.1.3.1 2 #13
1. x  12x  35  0 4. 9p2  12p  4
pp.114 pp.124
Classroom ex. 1.3.2 2
2. 3t  10t  6  2 #16
pp.115 5. 16v 2  25  0
page 124
Classroom ex. 1.3.3
3. 5y 2  12y
pp.95

6. x(2x  5)  3
7. (4x  1)(3x  1)  13
2
8.  4  x  3
x
 Week 3 Day 3
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY SQUARE ROOT METHOD

The Square Root Property states that if an expression squared is equal

to a constant , then the expression is equal to the positive or negative
square root of the constant.
Thus, if x 2  P, then x   P .

NOTE :
1. The variable squaredmust be isolated first ( coefficient equal to 1)
2. If P  0 is a real number, the equation x 2  P
has real 2 distinctreal solutions; x  P and x   P
2. If P  0, the equation x 2  P has a doubleroot of zero
3. If P  0, the equation x 2  P has exactly two imaginary solutions
 EXAMPLE Week 3 Day 3
Solve the following equations.
#30
1.
Classroom ex.1.3.4
2x 2  32  0 4. (4x - 1)2  16
pp.116 pp.124
Classroom ex. 1.3.5
2. 5a2  10  0 #16
pp.117 5. 16v 2  25  0
page 124
Classroom ex. 1.3.6
3. (x - 3)2  25
pp.117

6. 2  y 2  4 y  72 
2
7. 2m  5 m  3 
2

from College Algebraby Exconde,Marquez and Sabino

exercise 5.4 numbers 9 and10 page 112
 Week 3 Day 3

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY COMPLETING THE SQUARE

STEPS:
1. Express the quadraticequationin the following form
x  bx  c
2

2. Divide b by 2 and square the result, then add the

square to both sides.
2 2
b b
x  bx     c   
2
2 2
 Week 3 Day 3

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY COMPLETING THE SQUARE

3. Write the left side of the equationas a perfect square

2 2
 b b
x    c   
 2 2

4. Solve using the squareroot method.

 EXAMPLE Week 3 Day 3
Solve the following equations.
Example #7 2 #55 x2 1
1. x  8x  3  0 3.  2x 
pp.118 pp.124 2 4

Example #2 t 2 2t 5
2. 3x 2  12x  13  0 4.
#56
  0
pp.119 pp.124 3 3 6

What number shouldbe added to complete the square of each expression.

#41 2
5. x2  x
page 124 5

#41
6. x 2 12x
page 124
 Week 3 Day 3
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY QUADRATIC FORMULA

THE QUADRATIC FORMULA

The roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c

are constants and a  0 are given by:

 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Note : The quadraticequationmust be in standardform

ax2  bx  c  0 in order to identify the parameters a, b, c.
 DERIVATION OF QUADRATIC FORMULA BY COMPLETING THE
SQUARE
Consider the most general quadratic equation: ax2  bx  c  0
Solve by completing the square:
WORDS MATH
1. Divide the equation by b c
x2  x   0
the leading coefficient a. a a

2. Subtract c from both sides. b

x  x
2 c
a a a
3. Subtract half of b and add
2 2
a b b b c
2 x2  x       
the result  b  to both a  2a   2a  a
sides.  2a 
4..Write the left side of the 2
 b  b2  4ac
equation as a perfect square x   
and the right side as a single  2a  4a2
fraction.
 DERIVATION OF QUADRATIC FORMULA BY COMPLETING THE
SQUARE

WORDS MATH

5. Solve using the square root b b2  4ac

method. x 
2a 4a2
b
6. Subtract from both sides
2a b b2  4ac
x 
2a 2a
and simplify the radical.

7. Write as a single fraction.  b  b2  4ac

x
2a
8. We have derived the quadratic
formula.
 EXAMPLE Week 3 Day 3

Solve the following equations using the quadratic formula.

Your Turn 2 Example #11
1. x  2  2x 2. 4x 2  4 x  1  0
pp.121 pp.121
 SUMMARY Week 3 Day 3

 The four methods for solving quadratic equations are:

1. factoring 3. completing the square

2. square root method 4. quadratic formula

 Factoring and the square root method are the quickest

and easiest but cannot always be used.

 Quadratic formula and completing the square work for all

quadratic equations and can yield three types of solutions:
1. two distinct real roots
2.one real root (repeated)
3.or two complex roots (conjugates of each other)
 Week 4 Day 1

EQUATIONS IN QUADRATIC FORM

(OTHER TYPES)
 Week 4 Day 1
CLASSWORK

Solve each quadratic equation using any method.

#87 2 2 4 1
1. t  t
page 125 3 3 5
#89 12
2. x 7
page 125 x
#91 4x - 2  3 -3
3.  -
page 125 x3 x x x - 3
#93
4. x 2 0.1x  0.12
page 125
 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 4 Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To find the sum and product of roots of a quadratic equation.

• To find the quadratic equation given the roots.
• To transform a difficult equation into a simpler linear or quadratic
equation,
• To recognize the need to check solutions when the transformation
process may produce extraneous solutions,
• To solve radical equations.
 RECALL Week 4 Day 1

 The four methods for solving quadratic equations are:

1. factoring 3. completing the square

2. square root method 4. quadratic formula

 Factoring and the square root method are the quickest

and easiest but cannot always be used.

 Quadratic formula and completing the square work for all

quadratic equations and can yield three types of solutions:
1. two distinct real roots
2.one real root (repeated)
3.or two complex roots (conjugates of each other)
 SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS Week 4 Day 1

Recall from the quadratic formula that when

 b  b2  4ac
ax2  bx  c  0  x
2a

 b b 2  4ac
r 
 2a
Let the roots be r and s  
 b b 2  4ac
s  2a
 Week 4 Day 1
SUM OF ROOTS

Sum of roots = r + s

 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac
rs  
2a 2a
 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac

2a
 2b
rs 
2a
b
rs  
a
 Week 4 Day 1
PRODUCT OF ROOTS

Product of roots = (r) (s)

 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac
(r)( s )  *
2a 2a


(  b) 
2
b 2
 4ac 
2

4a 2
b 2  b 2  4ac
(r )(s) 
4a 2
c
(r) (s) 
a
 Week 4 Day 1
EXAMPLE

Determine the value of k that satisfies the given condition

1. kx 2  5x  4  0; sum of roots is 20.

2. (3k  2)x 2  2x  k - 1  0; product of roots is - 1.

3. 2k  1x 2 - 10x  k 2  5k  6  0; one of the roots is 0.

4. 2k - 1x 2  k - 5 x - 6  0; the roots numericall y equal but with

opposite signs
 Week 4 Day 1
FINDING THE QUADRATIC EQUATION GIVEN THE ROOTS

Let the roots be r and s, the quadratic equation is

x - r x  s   0

Example: Find the quadratic equations with the given roots.

3 1
1. and
4 2

2. 5 2 and  7 2

3. 1  2i and 1  2i
 Week 4 Day 1
RADICAL EQUATIONS

Radical Equations are equations in which the variable is

inside a radical (that is square root, cube root, or higher

root).

x  3  2, 2x  3  x , x  2  7x  2  6
 Week 4 Day 1
RADICAL EQUATIONS

Steps in solving radical equations:

1.Isolate the term with a radical on one side.

2.Raise both (entire)sides of the equation to the power that will

eliminate this radical and simplify the equation.

3.If a radical remains, repeat steps 1 and 2.

4.Solve the resulting linear or quadratic equation.

5.Check the solutions and eliminate any extraneous solutions.

Note: When both sides of the equations are squared extraneous
solutions can arise , thus checking is part of the solution.
 EXAMPLE Week 4 Day 1
Solve the following equations.
Example1 Example 3
1. x -3  2 4. x  2  7x  2  6
pp.128 pp.129

Classroom ex. 1.4.1 a. 2 - x  3 

2. 
pp.128 b. 2 - x  3
Your Turn #28
3. 2x  6  x  3 5. x  5  1 x 2
pp.128 page 133

#29 #24
6. 2 x  x 7. 2x 2  8x  1  x  3
page 133 page 133
 Week 4 Day 1
CATCH THE MISTAKE

#83
8. Explain th e mistake that is made.
page 134
Solve the equation 3t  1  4
Solution : 3t  1  16
3t  15
t 5
This is incorrect. What mistake was made?
 SUMMARY Week 4 Day 1
 b b 2  4ac
r 
 2a
. Let the roots be r and s  
 b b 2  4ac
s 
2a
Sum of roots : Product of roots :
b c
r s   (r) (s) 
a a

Steps in solving radical equations:

1. Isolate the term with a radical on one side.
2. Raise both (entire)sides of the equation to the power that
will eliminate this radical and simplify the equation.
3. If a radical remains, repeat steps 1 and 2.
4. Solve the resulting linear or quadratic equation.
5. Check the solutions and eliminate any extraneous solutions.
 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 4 Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To solve equations that are quadratic in form,

• To realize that not all polynomial equations are factorable.
• To solve equations that are factorable.
 Week 4 Day 2
EQUATIONS QUADRATIC IN FORM: u-SUBSTITUTION

Equations that are higher order or that have fractional powers often
can be transformed into quadratic equation by introducing a u-
substitution, thus the equation is in quadratic form.

Example:

Original Equation Substitution New Equation

x  3x  4  0
4 2
u  x2 u  3u  4  0
2

2 1 1
t3  2t 3 1  0 u t3 u2  2u  1  0
 Week 4 Day 2
EQUATIONS QUADRATIC IN FORM: u-SUBSTITUTION
Steps in solving equations quadratic in form:

1.Identify the substitution.

2.Transform the equation into a quadratic equation.

3.Apply the substitution to rewrite the solution in terms the original

variable.

4.Solve the resulting equation.

5.Check the solution in the original equation.

 EXAMPLE Week 4 Day 2
Solve the following equations.
Example 4 -2 1
1. x  x  12  0
pp.131

Classroom ex. 1.4.4

2. 2x  12  102x  11  9  0
pp.131
2 1
Classroom ex. 1.4.5
3. z5  8z 5  16  0
pp.131

8 5 2
Classroom ex. 1.4.5 3
4. 2x  x 3  x 3  0
pp.132
 Week 4 Day 2
FACTORABLE EQUATIONS

 EQUATIONS WITH RATIONAL EXPONENTS BY FACTORING

7 4 1 3 1 1
Example #6 3 #71 
x  3x 3  4x 3  0 y  5y  6y 2  0
2 2
page 132 page 132

 POLYNOMIAL EQUATION USING FACTORING BY GROUPING

Classroom Ex. 1.4.7 #66

6x 3  12x 2  2x  4  0 vv  33  40v  32  0
page 132 page 133
 SUMMARY Week 4 Day 2

Radical equations, equations quadratic in form, and factorable

equations can often be solved by transforming them into simpler
linear or quadratic equations.
Radical Equations: Isolate the term containing a radical and raise
it to the appropriate power that will eliminate the radical. If there
is more than one radical, it does not matter which radical is
isolated first. Raising radical equations to powers may cause
extraneous solutions, so check each solutions.
 Equations quadratic in form: Identify the u-substitution that
transforms the equation into a quadratic equation. Solve the
quadratic equation and then remember to transform back to the
original equation.
 Factorable equations: Look for a factor common to all terms or
factor by grouping.
APPLICATION PROBLEMS
 Start RECALL Week 4 Day 3

Read and analyze A

the problem

Make a diagram or Solve the equation

sketch if possible

Determine the
unknown quantity.
Check the solution

Set up an equation,
assign variables to
represent what you
are asked to find. no Is the unknown
solved?

no Did you set up

yes yes
the equation?
A
End
 APPLICATION PROBLEMS Week 4 Day 3

1. If a person drops a water balloon off the rooftop of an 81 foot

building, the height of the water balloon is given by the
equation h  16t2  81 where t is in seconds. When will the
water balloon hit the ground?
(Classroom example 1.3.12 page 122)
2. You have a rectangular box in which you can place a 7 foot
long fishing rod perfectly on the diagonal. If the length of the
box is 6 feet, how wide is that box?
(Classroom example 1.3.13 page 123)
3. A base ball diamond is a square. The distance from base to
base is 90 feet. What is the distance from the home plate to
the second base?
(#108 page 125)
 Week 4 Day 3

4. Lindsay and Kimmie, working together, can balance the financials for
the Kappa Kappa Gama sorority in 6days. Lindsay by herself can
complete the job in 5days less than Kimmie. How long will it take
Lindsay to complete the job by herself? (# 113 page 125)

5.A rectangular piece of cardboard whose length is twice its width is

used to construct an open box. Cutting a I foot by 1 foot square off of
each corner and folding up the edges will yield an open box. If the
desired volume is 12 cubic feet, what are the dimensions of the original
piece of cardboard? (# 110 page 125)

6.Aspeed boat takes 1 hour longer to go 24 miles up a river than to

return. If the boat cruises at 10mph in still water, what is the rate of
the current? (#140 page 126)
 Week 4 Day 3

7. Cost for health insurance with a private policy is given by C  10  a

where C is the cost per day and a is the insured’s age in years. Health
insurance for a six year old, a=6, is $4 a day (or $1,460 per year). At
what age would someone be paying $9 a day (or $3,285 per year).
(#73 page 134)
8. The period (T) of a pendulum is related to the length (L) of the
pendulum and acceleration due to gravity (g) by the formula
L
T  2 . If the gravity is 32ft / s2 and the period is 1 second find the
g
approximate length of the pendulum. Round to the nearest inch.
(#80 page 134)
 Week 4 Day 3

HOMEWORK

#s 8,31,44,53,56,66, 68,72,83,84,102, 104,106,114, 118,142

page124-127
#s 28, 50,72 page 133