MODU and maritime security

Familiarization with the ISPS code

 Introduction to Maritime security

Under the ISPS code and more

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SURTYMAR
 MARITIME SECURITY: what is it ?
Maritime security is when:
Sensibles informations, sensible equipment, specific
persons, activities, ships or buildings or areas….are
protected against (ISPS B 8.9):
Sabotage, spying, subversion, terrorism, armed attacks
and …. associated illegal activities as:

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Stowaways, tampering with cargoes, illegal
traficking, arson, mutinies or illegal strikes or
protests in our industry,
Unauthorized use or access of the ship
Hi-jacking or seizure of the ship or persons
(hostages) on board
Attack of the ship whilst at sea, at anchor or in port
 The ISPS code: what is it ?
International Ship and Port facility Security code issued by IMO
Applies to all « SOLAS ships » and « Port facilities » receiving
or providing services to these ships»
In force from the 1st July 2004 and appears in a new Chapter XI-
2 of SOLAS 74 as amended

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Divided in two parts:
Part A mandatory
Part B recommandations and details for the
implementation of part A
 WHO is CONCERNED ?
Following ships working at the international trade
All passager ships including HSC
All cargo ships above 500 GT including OSV
- Self propelled offshore units (MODU) above 500 GT
and finally all floating units subjected to SOLAS

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Port Facilities : cargo or passengers terminals,
warehouses storage of sensitive goods, fuel
reservoirs, floating dry docks, offshore loading
units as SBM ) connected to ships’ activities
including waiting berths, anchoring areas and
seaside areas
 OBJECTIVES of the ISPS Code
To offers an international cooperative framework between
governments and/or their involved Administrations and the shipping
and port industries in order to detect threats and take all necessary
protection and safeguard measures
To Establish tasks and responsabilities of all participants

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To ensure quick transmission of security
information
To offer security assessment methods for
establishing security plans and procedures
… and give ensurance to every stakeholders that
adequate and proportionned measures are
implemented on board the ship, the unit and in
the port facility
 Why the ISPS Code ?

11th Septembre 2001

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 IMMEDIATES REACTIONS
to this terrorist attack
Amount of security measures in the US
Specific law (Patriot Act)
Personal confidential information on all persons trying to travel
to US including the seafarers on board their ship or going to
embark somewhere in an US port or on baord a unit in US
waters

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Constant assessment of security threats provoked by transport of
goods and persons by air, sea or road
Implementation of security measures in the ports in the same
manner as in the airports
Monitoring and control of cargoes going to the US via ports
(100% scanning of containers expected in coming years)
Again in octobre 2002!

ATTACK of M/T LIMBURG in YEMEN waters

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 Consequences for the Maritime Industry

Security measures were already in force in the

passengers maritime transport anyway!
After the NEW YORK events, the International
Maritime Organization with a UN mandate has
adopted new provisions seeking to re-inforce maritime
security (Amendements to the SOLAS Convention
and issuance of the ISPS Code)

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Ships and self propelled units cant work
without a certificate

List of conform port facilities in an IMO

data base (GISIS/security) accessible for
companies and shipmasters
 but

US Black list of facilities not complying to the ISPS

code!
Example: Not officially a black list but only a « port
security advisory » notice (last one June 2014)
 Countries affected
Ports of Cambodia, Cameroon, Comores, Cote d’ivoire, Cuba,
Liberia, Nigeria, Yemen etc.. with certain exemption
Vessel arriving to USA from ports listed above must take
security actions:
Ensure secure guarding of the ship and will be visited by the
USCG before entering in the US port
Additional security measusres may be decided by CG
including necessity of armed guards!
These provisions are the international framework through
which governments, ships and ports must cooperate for
detecting security threats and discouraging these acts which
threatened the security of persons, assets (ships, ports
infrastructures and goods ) in our industry.
 In general: What kind of measures finally ?

Vigilance
Information and intelligence
Designation od security responsible persons
Security risks assessment
Security plans: measures for 3 different security
levels

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Approvals,Verifications of conformity to the
ISPS Code, verifications of reality of operation of
plans

Certification of conformity for ships

(certificates) and approval & sometimes
statement of compliance for port facilities

Drills and Exercises, Reviews and Audits for

ships and ports facilities
VIGILANCE fixed by the security level

The security levels are decided by the

governments (flag or port) only
There are 3 levels: 1, 2 and 3
Level 0 does not exist

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Level 1:
Minimum permanent security measures
Level 2:
Additional but temporary security measures
due to an increasing of security risk
Level 3
Exceptional temporary security measures due
to a probable or imminent security incident
Other parts of Maritime Security
 INFORMATION / INTELLIGENCE

Initial information and traceability of the ship, the

owner, the operator, the members of the crew, the
charterers, passengers, the ports visited, ports of
destination and final receiver body of the cargo

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Transmission of sensible informations from
governments (intelligence services ) or from ships
(security information or assessment in ports or sea
areas )

Or satellite monitoring (safeseanet)

Security measures in place along the coast, in sea
areas, bays , mooring areas,port entrance and
inside the ports
 Persons in charge of Security of ships
and port facilities
In addition of the responsibilities at national level, the following
functions have been created:
SSO (Ship Security Officer): Officer of the ship designated by
the Company and responsible in front of the Master for the
implementation of the ship security plan
CSO (Company Security Officer): Person responsible of ships
security in the Company (all or part of ships)

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 For facilities and ports

PFSO (Port Facility Security Officer): Person

responsible for the implementation of the port
facility security plan

PSO (Port Security Officer): Person in charge of

the Port security

NB Port security plan includes the coordination of the different facilities security
plans
 ISPS requirements for SOLAS
SHIPS and MODUS
Ship’s IMO number welded in a visible place outside and inside
the ship
Continuous Synopsis Report (identification document of the ship
used as a traceability document also)
Ship Security Alert System (SSAS as a « panic button »)
SSA- Ship Security Assessment: formal security risk evaluation in
relation of the ship, line and security situation
SSP – Ship Security Plan : measures taken on board for the three
security levels and associated ISSCertificate

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Master’s discretion for safety and security

Initial training of CSO, SSO and rest of the crew

Continuous training of personnel via security drills& exercises

Implementation of a security management system: audits,

reviews for correctives actions

Feedback system in order to implement preventive actions

 ISPS requirements for Port facilities
PFSA – Port Facility Security Assessment: formal assessment
of protection of the facility in front of the possible threats.
Normally carried out by the port state security Authority or a
RSO on its behalf
PFSP - Port Facility Security Plan: implementation of
protection measures at each security level + emergency
procedures in case of security incident
Security management system in each facility and in the port

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Approval by government and Periodical review (5 years max)
Each port facility must have a Port Facility Security Officer
Initial training of officers and port personnel including port workers
or dockers
Security control system of ships before arrival (information requested
and possible random visit at sea) and visit when alongside
 Certification

Any SOLAS ship or MODUmust hold an ISSC

( International Ship Security Certificate) valid 5 years
maximum)

 A port facility can hold a SoCPF ou Statement of

Compliance of a Port Facility issued by the State
designated security authority (this is not mandatory).

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 Other recommandations from IMO

Implementation of the ISPS Code to non SOLAS ships as:

Cabotage and Ships under 500 GT
All passenger ships (national trade),
Offshore units: all Floating (as ships) or fixed platforms (as facility)

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 Consequences: Implementation of a security policy
Permanent security vigileace of the personnel
Identification of persons authorized to enter in the port, in the facility
or to board a ship : smart pass/electronic card
Installation of fences, access control, security locks
Anti-piracy measures including armed guards on board in high risk
areas
IMO has warned ports to facilitate the crew shore leaves

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Permanent monitoring with recording of entrance
and areas : strong lighting, CCTV or PTZ cameras
(infra-red or movement detection systems)
Search of persons and vehicules ( body scan -
metal detection devices –scan of luggage)
Scan of containers/Monitoring of activities or port
operations (patrols)
Coordination of Port emergency safety and
security procedures
But: Difficulties to go ashore for the crews and to
board the ship for visitors or other guests
 Still some bottlenecks

Conventionally IMO has no power on ports It has

only power to regulate over the interface
ship/terminal which is the « facility »
IMO and ILO have, of course, rapidly issued
guidelines for port security at the same time as the
ISPS code

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These guidelines are not mandatory but the EU
has made them mandatory to its members
Since the ISPS code, Maritime anti-piracy
measures have been considered has a part of
maritime seurity
 IMO security data base

The GISIS data base (Global Integrated Shipping

Information System) of IMO is a public data base
Can be reached via www.gisis.imo.org
Then Maritime security
A initial identification is necessary for statistical reasons
The national contacts are displaid as well as the Recognized
Security Organizations with their delegation of power
The port facilities security informations are exposed by
country, ports and facilities
The informations are introduced (password) in the data base
by each Designated National Maritime Security Authority
 Results (2011)

Terrorism against ship has been dramatically

reduced but piracy and hostage taking is
increasing in some regions despite all measures in
place.

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Security of the complete chain of transport is
under the sunlights but it is a huge and costly
challenge
While the scanning of 100% of containers towards
USA is still quite an impossible dream!
 Responsibilities of SOLAS Contracting
Governments for their ships or MODUS
To establish security levels, taking into account the
security threat

• To quickly broadcast the security level to the ships

entitled to fly their flag , and

• To broadcast by suitable means the possible

changes when the circumstances require it: rising
or lowering of the Security level
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 Remarks on the security levels

• If the measures expected on level 1 are permanent, the

measures determined on level 2 are temporary according to
the decision of the Government of the flag. According to the
risks related to the nationality of the flag, level 2 is
sometimes necessary for long periods or for some areas in
the world.

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• Level 3 is an exceptional level and is taken only
following a reliable information but it is normally
of a short duration
The security level can obviously pass directly from
level 1 to level 3 according to the threat
 Communication of information
for ships or MODUs security
The contracting governments must communicate to IMO the following
information:
• Name and contact details of the national authority responsible for
the security of the ships of its flag
• Names and contact details of those in charge to receive security
alerts from their ships (flying their flag)

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•Names and contact details of those which can give advice or
assistance to ships and to which the ships can report any security
problem
This information must constantly be up dated
This information appears in the IMO data base GISIS accessible to
Companies, masters and even the public via www.GISIS. imo.org and
« Security data base »
 Other information (1)
The contracting governments must communicate to IMO,
and also to the other contracting governments, the name and
the contact details of the persons(s) available 24h/24 to
receive communications from other contracting governments
exercising measures related to the control of their ships
somewhere around the world (SOLAS XI-2 reg 9)

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 Other information (2)

The contracting governments must communicate the name and the

contact details of the RSOs authorized to act on their behalf for the
ships of their flag
The following conditions must be specified: specific responsibilities
and particular conditions of their authority
This information must be kept up-to-date and available on the IMO
data base GISIS

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 The Ship Security Plan or SSP

Responsibilities of contracting governments

regarding the SSP of ships entitled to fly their
flag

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 What is a Ship Security Plan ?
• It is an action plan established in order to guarantee the application
of necessary security measures on board a ship in order to protect the
persons on board (crew or passengers), the cargo, the ship store and
the ship itself against the risks of a security incident
• The security measures must be stated for each of the three security
levels
• They are really preventive measures against security incidents and
also measures to react in order to decrease the consequences of an
incident
The plan will also be able to include all associated measures like the
description of the implementation activities of the plan (day to day
application and drills) and their recording

Capt APPERRY for SURTYMAR 55

 Contracting governments
responsibilities regarding the SSP
• The Administration charged by the government (or
the government itself) must approve the security
plan of each ship practising on international trade
and which is entitled to fly its flag
This approval is given after a review for
conformity of the plan with the ISPS Code and a
mandatory on site survey of the ship

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 Delegation of responsibilities

• A contracting government can delegate to an Recognized

Security Organization (RSO) some part of its
responsibilities.
With regard to the ships entitled to fly its flag, a
government can delegate the review and the approval of
the Ships Security Plans to a RSO.
This RSO has to be agreed according to some criteria
which are at least equivalent to those stated in the part B of
code ISPS (B 4.3) and in MSC circular1074 of June 2003

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 Responsibilities of the contracting
governments regarding the
operation of a SSP
• The contracting government, if it considers that is
suitable, must test the Ships security plans which it
has approved or the plans which were approved on
its behalf by an approved RSO
In the same manner it must test any possible SSP
amendments which could be included from time to
time.

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 Declaration of Security or DOS

• A declaration of security is a reciprocal

agreement concluded between a ship and a port
facility or another ship when an interface occurs.
• This agreement specifies the security measures
that each party will apply during the interface
The conditions when a DOS must be filled up is
a decision of the contracting governments.
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 Responsibilities of a contracting
governments regarding the DOS

• To determine when a DOS is necessary for its ships

by analyzing the risks of the facility or ship interface
for the persons, the cargo and the environment.
• The reason can be: ships, ports or facilities are at risk
• The government must also decide the minimal
conservation time of the DOS worked out by its
ships
This decision must be in the form of instructions or
guidance to the ships or included in the maritime
security law
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 Other responsibilities of a
contracting government
• To provide adequate identity documents for the
identification of their officers when the ship enters
in the port (pilots) or when going on board (port
officers - customs) (ISPS B 4.18)

To set up procedure for fast and effective checking

of the authenticity of these identity documents

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 Reminder: responsibilities of
contracting governments regarding
the ships entitled to fly their flag
• To clarify the measures to be taken by the ship when the port
facility, or the other ship, is not obliged to have an approved
security plan
• To set up general guidelines for the ships to reduce security risks
and in particular guidelines on the measures to be taken at the
three security levels when the ship moves towards an risk zone or
when it has a security incident or when a threat appeared for the
ship when at sea
• In the event of imminent attack, the ship must be able to establish
a direct communication link with the national authority in charge
of ships security

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• To envisage the possibility to supply to the ship or the port
of an armed team for monitoring or a sea/air escort during
the call or transit time in territorial waters
• To give the last information on the closed or restricted areas
for the protection of other ships

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• To rectify if needed the safe manning crew for its
ships by taking account of the total workload
(periodic analysis for example)
To provide a continuous synoptis report (CSR)to
every ship entitled to fly its flag
 And at last

• To provide sufficient rapid deployment of armed force in

the event of a security alert on a ship, whatever it is, in
one of its ports or along its coasts
To seek agreements with the other governments for having
rapid deployment of armed forces in their ports and
along their coasts in order to be able to quickly help one of
its ships having initiated its security alert system

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 Approval of Ships Security Plans
When the contracting government ensures itself the verification of its
ships Security Plans, it must:
• Review and approve the security plan of each ship or MODU
entitled to fly its flag
• Specify the parts of the plan which can be amended without its
approval
Issue the security certificate of the ship (ISSC)

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 Recommandations
• Ship or MODU security assessment
• Internal audits and reviews
• Training of peresonnel

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 TRAINING
• The training of all personnel involved in security of ships
is the first thing to be organized
• The training of the administration officers in charge of
rewiewing and approval of security assessment and plans
is of primary importance: the credibility of the flag can
depends on this!

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• ISPS training of the SSO (STCW) and the CSO is essential; the
IMO model courses are a base of great value
• By experience we can say that the operation of a Ship security plan
(SSP) is subject to the motivation of the entire crew even with the
corresponding STCW certificates
• To reach such a motivation, there is only one method: train and train
again the personnel!
 Methods

• We have to remember that when a RSO acts on behalf of the

contracting government, this government remains responsible
for the quality of the operations carried out.
• So, a follow-up and a checking of the activities of the RSO are
of primary importance and this could be carried out only by
qualified officers (MSC circular 1074).

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 National security strategy
• The development of a doctrine or startegy ( or includes
ion the security law or arrêté) will help to gather all
instructions or recommendations of the government
concerning the protection measures against security
incidents as well as advice to the ship for conformity to
possible national interpretations of the code.
For Piracy the government can recommend to
follow the IMO/Industry guidelines (BMP 4) while
requiring an increased Security level for high risk
areas
FLOW CHART of MARITIME SECURITY COMPLIANCE to SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS CODE

Agreements with
other government
Definition of TEST of APPROVAL of PFSAs
for reac tion SET UP of
Port Facilities SECURITY
SECURITY
PLANS APPROVAL of PFSPs
LEVEL

RSO

CONTRACTING GOVERNMENT agreement

NATIONAL AUTHORITY POINT of

RECEPTION of NATIONAL AUTHORITY
Responsible for SHIP’s CONTACT for
Responsible for PORT
SSAS Security IMO GISIS
FACILITY Security

24/7 answer to
NATIONAL
Assistance NATIONAL
RECOMMENDATIONS
notifications RECOMMENDATIONS
for SHIP SECURITY
and concerns for PORT SECURITY

24/7 POINT of
CONTACT for Conditions of SSA & SSP Conditions of PFSA & PFSP
other 73
Condition of DOS
Government
for their ships
APPROVAL of SSPs TRACECAMAR II