LITERA

TURE
A deeper understanding and its variations
 Literature comes from the Latin
word “LITERA” which literally
means an acquaintance with letters,
the root definition of it.
 Literature is an art that reflects the
works of imagination, aesthetics, and
creative writing which are distinguished
for the beauty of style or expression as in
fiction, poetry, essay, or drama, in
distinction from scientific treatises and
works which contain positive
knowledge.
SETTING ELEMENTS
OF FICTION
CHARACTERS
PLOT
POINT OF VIEW
THEME
 SETTING
Time and place, which includes the
physical environment of a story besides
place. It may involve the time of the
story- the hour, year, or century.
CHARACTERS

Is another aspect which makes a story

memorable. This important component
of fiction refers to the persons inhibiting
the story, and makes it come alive for
the reader.
CHARACTERS

Protagonist
Antagonist
Flat
Round
 Protagonist
The hero or heroine
 Antagonist
The villain or the bad guys
Flat Character
STATIC
 Round
Character
DYNAMIC
PLOT
 PLOT
The sequence of events
from the opening to the
closing scene. It involves
three phases:
 PLOT
1.Exposition- the opening portion that
provides background information that the
readers need to understand the events that
follow.
2.Conflict (Complication)-where he/she
clashes or struggles with another force in
the story.
 PLOT
3. Climax- the moment of greatest
tension from which the outcome of the
story depends.
4. Resolution/Denouement- how the
story ends.
POINT
OF This refers to the
VIEW vantage point or
the perspective
from which the
story is told.
POINT OF VIEW

FIRST PERSON:
a narrator who uses I and may
either be actively involved or is
just a minor character in the
events of the story.
POINT OF VIEW

THIRD PERSON:
Omniscient point of view- which sees everything and
enters the minds of the characters.

Third person limited- which uses the perspective of

only one character and sees everything through him/her.
Objective point of view- which does not enter the
mind of any character but describes events from the outside.
POINT OF VIEW

SCENIC POINT OF
VIEW
tell us what people say and how
they look but leaves us to infer
their thoughts and feelings.
THEME
This is the general meaning or insight
that the story reveals.
This is what makes a story rich and
rewarding as it has a fertile ground
for varied interpretations.
MOTIF
The appeal to
emotion of the text.
 TYPES
OF
CONFLICT
Man vs. Himself TYPES
OF
Man vs. Man
CONFLICT
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. God
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Animals
 FICTION
From the Latin fictio, which means a
shaping, a counterfeiting
Is a name for stories not
entirely factual, but at
least partially shaped,
made up, or imagined.
TYPES OF FICTION
 NOVEL
• a book-length story in prose,
differs from the short story not
only in length.
• It can focus on many
characters and has room to
examine their actions and
motivations in greater detail
and depth.
• Many settings and subplots
SHORT STORY
• It has the richness and
conciseness of an
excellent lyric poem.
• is a brief prose
narrative that can
usually be read in one
sitting.
 DRAMA
• is a narrative prose
intended to be played
on stage.
PARABLE
is a short narrative that is at least in part
allegorical and that illustrates a moral or
spiritual lesson.
LEGEND
is a story that reflects that people’s identity or
cultural values, generally with more historical
and less emphasis on the supernatural.
MYTH
is a fictional tale, originally with religious
significance that explains the action of
gods or heroes, the causes of natural
phenomena or both.
FAIRY TALE
is a story featuring folkloric characters
such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants
and etc. The stories often involve royalty
and have a happy ending.
FABLES
• Are stories which use animals to
convey a moral or message,
sometimes stated at the end and
sometimes implied.
TALE
Is a story usually short, that sets
forth strange and wonderful
events in more or less bare
summary, without detailed
character-drawing.
 Poetry
Poetry is language written with a
rhythm, figurative language,
imagery, sound devices and
emotionally charged language.
Kinds of Poems
It often have all It is a highly
the elements of musical verse that
The poet arranges
short stories, expresses the
the letters,
including observation and
punctuation, and
characters, feelings of a single
lines to create an
conflict, and plot. speaker.
image or picture, on
the page. (Epic, Metrical (Sonnet, Elegy,
Tale, Ballad) Ode, Song)

CONCRETE NARRATIVE LYRIC

 Literature Genres
relies on writing that is
composition in describes
verse or prose imagery, based on facts,
imaginary real events,
presenting a story in figurative
pantomime or
events and and real
language and
dialogue people. people
sounds

DRAMA POETRY PROSE (Fiction) PROSE (Non)