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Quality control of welded joints

There are five welding process

regularly employed namely:

1 Shielded Metal Arc Welding

(SMAW)
• An arc is established between
the electrode and work piece
• Gaseous sheild is provided by
the vapourisation of the flux

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 Types welding techniques
• 2 Submerged-Arc Welding
(SAW)

• SAW involves formation of an arc

between a continuously-fed bare wire
electrode and the work piece.
• Prior to welding, a thin layer of flux
powder is placed on the work piece
surface.
• The arc moves along the joint line and as
it does so, excess flux is recycled via a
hopper. There is no visible arc light,
welding is spatter-free and there is no need
for fume extraction. Submerged Arc Welding
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 Types of welding techniques

3 . Manual Metal-Arc welding (MMA)

• When an arc is struck between the
metal rod (electrode) and the
workpiece, both the rod and workpiece
surface melt to form a weld pool.
Simultaneous melting of the flux
coating on the rod will form gas and
slag which protects the weld pool from
the surrounding atmosphere. The slag
will solidify and cool and must be
chipped off the weld bead once the
weld run is complete

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Types of welding techniques

4. Metal-Active Gas welding

(MAG)

Metal active gas Welding

Metal inert gas Welding

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Shop welding Field welding

Stud Welding
• Structural Aspect of welding

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 Weld Definitions
Terminology used to describe the various parts of the weld
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 Weld
Types
Square Groove ButtJoint Single-Vee Groove Butt Joint with Root Face

Types of Butt Joint Welds

Single- Vee Groove Butt Double- Vee Groove Butt Joint
Joint without Root Face

Single-U Groove Butt Joint

Types of Lap Joint Welds Double Fillet Welded Lap Joint Double Fillet Welded Joggle Lap Joint

Continuous Through-Welded Lap Joint

Joining Adjacent Sheet Edges to Backing
Structure Continuous Through-Welded Lap Joint
Continuous Through-
Attaching a Single Sheet To Backing
Welded Lap Joint
Structure
 Weld Types…

Horizontal Fillet Weld Double-Vee, Groove Weld

Single Vee Groove Corner Joint

Square Groove Corner Joint

Types of Corner Joint Welds

Corner Fillet Joint

J Groove Corner Joint (Single or Double J)

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Crevices and Corrosion & Mechanical design aspect

• Full welds and tack welds

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• Types of stresses in welds

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 CASE STUDIES
Consider direction of Loading when sizing Fillet welds

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 L

Failure Plane

• Failure plane of fillet welds

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• Welding Procedures

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Welding procedures

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Weld types

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• Defects in Welding

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 Commonly encountered weld defects

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IS:800 Draft-06.08.04
Geometric Shape Imperfections
Excess weld metal

Undercut

Linear misalignment

Overlap

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 Shape Imperfections . .
Fillet welded joints
Oversize fillet weld
Excess convexity

Asymmetric fillet weld Undersized fillet weld Poor fit-up

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Lap joints welded with fillet welds

Effect of Weld Penetration on Stress

Concentration in 1-1/2 in. Fillet Welds

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 Fatigue of Weldments

Effects of joint classification on fatigue life

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Welded Lap Joints

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• Thank You

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