Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Endocrine System
• Endocrine glands
are ductless
• Exocrine glands
have ducts
2
Endocrine Glands
Autocrine secretions
• affect only the secreting cell
3
Comparison of Nervous System
and Endocrine System
• Neurons release
neurotransmitters into
a synapse, affecting
postsynaptic cells
• Glands release
hormones into the
bloodstream
• Only target cells of
hormone responds
4
Comparison of Nervous System
and Endocrine System
5
Chemistry of Hormones
6
Types of Hormones
7
Major Endocrine Glands
8
Pituitary Gland
Two distinct portions
• anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
• posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Pituitary Gland Control
• Hypothalamic releasing hormones stimulate cells of anterior pituitary
to release hormones
10
Pituitary Gland Control
11
Pituitary Gland Control
Note Pituitary
Portal System!!
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Hypothalamic Hormones
13
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
14
Thyroid Gland
15
Thyroid Gland Hormones
16
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
17
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
Graves Disease
• Hyperthyroidism
Cretinism
• Infantile hypothyroidism
18
Parathyroid Glands
19
Parathyroid Hormone
20
Parathyroid Hormone
Mechanism by which PTH promotes calcium absorption in
the intestine
21
Disorders of the Parathyroid
Glands
22
Adrenal Glands
23
Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
24
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
25
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
26
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
27
Pancreas
28
Hormones of the Pancreatic Islets
29
Insulin and Glucagon
Insulin and glucagon function together to stabilize blood
glucose concentrations
30
Other Endocrine Glands
Pineal Gland
• secretes melatonin
• regulates circadian rhythms
Thymus Gland
• secretes thymosins
• promotes development of certain lymphocytes
• important in role of immunity
31
Other Endocrine Glands
Reproductive
• ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone
• testes produce testosterone
• placenta produces estrogens, progesterone, and
gonadotropins
32
Stress
Types of Stress
• physical
stress
• psychological
stress
33
Responses to Stress
34
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