UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY FOR MARKET AND SPACIAL USAGES GOALS FOR "INTEGRATED" STREETS FOR DELHI:

WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN

• Urban design is the design of towns and cities, streets and spaces. It is the collaborative and multi-disciplinary Safety and
process of shaping the physical setting for life in cities, towns and villages; the art of making places; design in Comfort. UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY:
an urban context. Universal accessibility is required for all sidewalks , crossings , parks , public spaces and
• Urban design involves the design of buildings, groups of buildings, spaces and landscapes, and the amenities- for people using wheelchairs , strollers , walkers , crutches , handcarts ,
establishment of frameworks and processes that facilitate successful development. bicycles , aged people , visually or hearing impaired and pedestrians with temporary
mobility impaired or injury.
WHAT IS UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY
• It is the key to attaining universal accessibility in the built environment. It's about developing solutions to
meet the needs of all users , with and without disabilities.
• In addition to the functional and recreational purposes , they form important links in the built environment. Mobility and
Ecology
By having improved linkage to the external areas and better access to buildings , people would be able to Accessibility
engage more actively in the society.

ELEMENTS OF UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

• MOBILITY:
Ramps , lifts , circulation spaces , accessible unisex toilets , automatic doors , table heights ,
operational dexterity.
FOOT PATH:
Best Practices

GOAL 1: MOBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY

RAMP CIRCULATION SPACE
Maximum number of people should be able to move fast, safely and
LIFT DETAIL FOR DISABLED PEOPLE conveniently through the city.
• VISION:
Tactile tiles , visual contrast , audible signals(lifts/street crossings),braille , large prints , assistance
animal respite areas.

Frontage Pedestrian Planting/

Zone Zone Furniture Zone
Not Preferable

TACTILE TILES BRAILLE PROVISION OF BRAILLE BOARDS

NEAR LIFT
• HEARING: GOAL 2: SAFETY AND COMFORT
Visual signals , auslan sign interpreters , captioning or tele text , telephone typewriters , pre Make streets safe and clean and walkable, create climate sensitive design.
prepared written material.
• COGNITION/LEARNING:
Plain English material , iconic signage , time, speed of communication ,
environmental stimulus , alternative modes.

NO clear walkway = Confusion zone

AUSLAN/VISUAL SIGNS
GOAL 3: ECOLOGY
GRAB BAR LOCATION IN TOILET
Reduce impact on the natural environment; and reduce pressure on built
ICONIC SIGNAGE infrastructure.

LITERATURE STUDY - MARKET GROUP MEMBERS COURSE CODE AND NAME 01

THE MARKET SCAPE
M.NAVEEN AR 7.1.1 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Redevelopment of Markets in Vijayawada UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY FOR MARKET AND S.VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
SPACIAL USAGE URBAN DESIGN STUDIO
S.SAMEERA
7TH SEMESTER, B.ARCH, VSAPV
 ‘Dead Width’ or Frontage Zone ESSENTIAL STREET TREE PLANTING
Not Preferable
• The Frontage Zone is defined as the area between the property line and walkway.
Where sufficient right-of-way exists, a frontage zone should be provided that is a
minimum of 0.6m wide, except in locations adjacent to high and intermediate capacity
transit stations.
• Frontage zones can accommodate sidewalk cafes, store entrances, retail display or
landscaping. A frontage zone is not needed if the sidewalk corridor is adjacent to a
landscaped space.

Street Trees in same line as Utility Zone; and Trees occupying walking zone, so pedestrian are

3M tree canopy clearance

with low growing branches – thus obstructing displaced.
walking zone.
Best Practices

These window watchers take about 0.5 to 1 m of

additional space which must be provided in order to Clear Pedestrian
ensure conflict free movement of all pedestrians. Zone with no visual
obstructions
Dead Width • Narrow "columnar" trees to be used where
Not Preferable pavement space is limited.
Best Practices
• Use trees that can be "pruned bottom-up" to
allow vision clearance.
• Use deciduous trees to allow sunlight access to Ideally, provide "wide spread" but high canopied Utilizing deciduous trees is advisable on busy
street in winter. trees for shade in summers streets where sunlight is desirable in winter

AUDITORY SIGNALS
Key Design Guidelines:
• Audible crossing signals(pelican crossings) help everyone , as well as being essential for persons with
vision impairments.
• Pedestrian traffic lights should be provided with clearly audible signals to facilitate safe and
independent crossing of pedestrians with low vision and vision impairment.
• Acoustic devices should be installed on a pole at the point of origin of crossing and not at the point of
Dead Width Pedestrian Zone destination.
• Tactile paving should be provided in the line of travel avoiding obstructions such as manholes/tree
guards/lamp posts etc.

No extra space allowed for pedestrians

interested in stopping at attractions.
Therefore stopping pedestrian disrupts
moving pedestrian flow on sidewalk. Tree planting plan and lighting plans must be
prepared in conjunction – so that tree canopies do
not obstruct lighting for road users.

Dead Width Pedestrian Zone Planting/

1.2 M
Furniture
Zone

Tactile lay out for manhole and raised crossing Audible signals which beep when
light is green

LITERATURE STUDY - MARKET GROUP MEMBERS COURSE CODE AND NAME 02

THE MARKET SCAPE
M.NAVEEN AR 7.1.1 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Redevelopment of Markets in Vijayawada UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY FOR MARKET AND S.VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
SPACIAL USAGE URBAN DESIGN STUDIO
S.SAMEERA
7TH SEMESTER, B.ARCH, VSAPV
KERB RAMPS
Kerb ramps provide pedestrian access between the sidewalk and roadway for people using
wheelchair , strollers , walkers , crutches , handcarts , bicycles , and pedestrians who have
trouble stepping up and down high kerbs. The absence of kerb ramps prevents any of the
above users from crossing streets. Kerb ramps must be installed at all intersections and mid
block locations where pedestrian crossing exist.
PLAN
VIEW
Key Design Guidelines:
• Standard kerb ramps are cut back into the footpath (flush with roadway) , at a gradient no
greater than 1:12 , with flared sides (1:10) providing transition in three directions.
• Width of the kerb ramp should not be less than 1.2M.
• Tactile warning strip to be provided on the kerb side edge of the slope , so that persons with
vision impairment do not accidentally walk onto the road.
• The ramps should be flared smooth into the street surface and checked periodically to make
sure large gaps do not develop between the gutter and street surface.
• It is desirable to provide two kerb cuts per corner. Simple ramp located in the center of a
corner is less desirable. Separate ramps provide greater information to pedestrians with vision
impairment in street crossing.
• Mid block crossing accessible for persons with disability should be provided for blocks longer
than 250M.
TACTILE PAVING ACCESSIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Persons with vision impairment need guidance in using a pedestrianized area , especially if Key Design Guidelines:
the footway crosses larger open spaces where the usual guidance given by the edge of the
• A slope of 8%(I in 12) on footbridge ramps , while a slope of 5%(1 in 20)
footway or building base is not available , or when pedestrian need guidance around
with appropriate resting places/landings is preferable.
obstacles.
• Within the underpass , a handrail set 850-900mm above the walking
• A continuous tactile guide (guiding and warning tile) in the direction of pedestrian travel .
surface should be provided.
Which has a different texture to the rest of the footway , can provide this guidance.
• To assist visually impaired people , tactile paving/tiles and a color contrast
Key Design Guidelines: should be provided at the top and bottom of the flight of steps and these
• A distance of 600-800mm to be maintained from the edge of footpath/boundary wall/any areas should be well lit.
obstruction. • Elevator/lift should be provided on both the entrances/exits and should
• A height of about 5mm for the raised part of the surface is sufficient for almost all persons have minimum internal dimensions of 1400*1400mm. All lifts should have
with vision impairment to detect , without causing too much discomfort for other braille buttons and audio announcement systems.
pedestrians.
• Tactile paving must be maintained to ensure that the profile does not erode away. Vitrified
non – glazed tactile pavers are preferable.
• Tactile tiles should have a color (preferably canary yellow) , which contrasts with the
surrounding surface.
• Tactile paving should be minimum 300mm wide so that someone can't miss it by stepping
over it.

Go – guiding tile Stop – warning tile Engineering configuration of floor tactile

tiles

1.2M wide footpath

Location of kerb ramps must align with
the zebra crossing location and the
location of kerb ramp on the opposite
side.
Kerbed ramp with tactile paving
TACTILE PAVERS(GUIDING AND WARNING PATH) SHOULD BE PROVIDED:
• To lead persons with vision impairments to the lifts , crossings , toilets , bus stops ,i.e. ,all
public and road facilities.
• In front of an area where traffic is present. In front of an entrance/exit to a facility like
subway/public utility.
• To and from a staircase or multi – level crossing facility. In open space to orient persons with
vision impairment.

Detailing of kerb ramp with

tactile marking

Example of intersection Example of L-shaped intersection Example of T-shaped intersection

SOURCES
• Urban-street-design-guidelines.pdf
• http://www.uttipec.nic.in/upload/hotlinks/2018/07/5b3b4f9b3b187File215.pdf
• https://www.archsd.gov.hk/archsd/html/ua2/2_3.html
• CPWD Guidelines and space standards for barrier free built environment for disabled and elderly
persons 1998 , ministry of urban development

LITERATURE STUDY - MARKET GROUP MEMBERS COURSE CODE AND NAME 03

THE MARKET SCAPE
M.NAVEEN AR 7.1.1 ADVANCE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Redevelopment of Markets in Vijayawada UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY FOR MARKET AND S.VAMSI KRISHNA REDDY
SPACIAL USAGE URBAN DESIGN STUDIO
S.SAMEERA
7TH SEMESTER, B.ARCH, VSAPV