PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY

LUMADS
• Lumad is a modern Cebuano term meaning ‘native’ or
‘indigenous’. For more than two decades since the
80's it has been used to refer to the groups
indigenous to Mindanaw who remained to their
respective Indigenous beliefs.
• The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (literally
“indigenous peoples”), and Lumad are
interchangeably used with Indigenous People or IP's.
• Then as blood brothers, they established an
eternally Binding Compact for Generations to
help & protect each other in Plenty and Famine.
Helping as allies, Mindanaw has thus always
preserved its Identity, Culture and Traditions.
• The Lumad are one of the 2 collective group of
indigenous people living since time immemorial
in Mindanao. The other is the Moro.
• Lumad is the self-ascription and collective
identity of the un-Islamized indigenous peoples
of Mindanao. It cannot be forced on indigenous
communities.
• The choice of a Cebuano word was a bit ironic but
they deemed it to be most appropriate considering
that the various Lumad tribes do not have any other
common language.
• This is the first time that these communities have
agreed to a common name for themselves, distinct
from that of the Moros and different from the
Migrant/ Settler majority and their descendants.
There are about 18 -20 Lumad communities in 19
provinces across Mindanaw. They comprise 12 to
13 million or 18% of the whole country's
population and can be divided into 110 ethno-
linguistic groups. Considered as "vulnerable
groups", they live in hinterlands, forests, lowlands
and coastal areas.
 They had 18 -20 Etholinguistic communities,
namely: Erumanen ne Me'nuvu, Matidsalug
Manuvu, Agusanon M'nuvu, Dulangan M'nuvu,
Dabaw M'nuvu, Ata M'nuvu, B'laan, Kaulo,
Banwaon, Teduray, Lambangian, Subanen,
Higaunon, Dibabawon, Mangguwangan,
Mansaka, Mandaya, T'boli, Mamanuwa,
Talaandig, Tagabawa, and Ubu`, Tinenanen,
Kuwemanen, K'lata and Diyangan..
• There are about twenty general hilltribes of
Mindanaw, all of which are of Austronesian
descent.
• The term Lumad excludes the #Butuanons and
#Surigaonons, even the said 2 ethnic groups are
native to Mindanaw and the word tells it so
because those two are Bisayans migrants in
origin and the Lumad are not ethnically related
to them.
• 1 #Blaan
The Bilaan or B'laan is an indigenous group that
is concentrated in Davao del Sur and South
Cotabato. They still practice indigenous rituals
despite adaptation to their new way of life.
2 #Mnuvu
The M'nuvu community is different from the
Bagobo, because they live in the upland areas
northwest, north, and northeast of Mt. Apo in
interior Mindanao. This community is the largest
among the Lumad.
The Arumanen-Manuvu had its origin from a
village settled place called Banubu near the
mouth of Pulangi River.
 3 #Subanen
The Subanuns are the first settlers of the
Zamboanga peninsula. Because they live near
the river ("suba"), they are called river dwellers
or Suba-nuns. The family is patriarchal while the
village is led by a chief called Timuay. He acts as
the village judge and is concerned with all
communal matters.
4 #Higaonon
The Higaonon is located on the provinces of
Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Oriental,and
Rogongon, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte. Their
name means "people of the wilderness". Most
Higaonons still have a rather traditional way of
living. Farming is the most important economic
activity.
 5 #Kamayo
"Kamayo" literally means "You/ its Yours / Yours " when it use to
conversation by the lumad / other kamayo speaking people. But
"Kamayo" when refers to as a group of people / as a society in a
certain place in mindanao means " A Way of Life" or Pamaaging
panginabuhi-an in kamayo term.The kamayo way of life is peacefull,
kind and loving people. Most of kamayo are located in the
minicipality of ,Bislig, Hinatuan, Tagbina, San Agustin, Lingig and
other part of Caraga region, Campostella Valley and Davao provinces.
 6 #Mamanwa
The Mamanwa is a Negrito tribe often grouped together
with the Lumad. They believe in a collection of spirits, which
are governed by the supreme deity “Magbabaya”. The tribe
produce excellent winnowing baskets, rattan hammocks,
and other household containers.
 7 #Mandaya
"Mandaya" derives from "man" meaning "first," and "daya"
meaning "upstream" or "upper portion of a river," and
therefore means "the first people upstream". It refers to a
number of groups found along the mountain ranges of
Davao Oriental, as well as to their customs, language, and
beliefs. The Mandaya are also found in Compostela and New
Bataan in Compostela Valley Province (formerly a part of
Davao del Norte Province).
 8 #Mansaka
The term "Mansaka" derives from "man" meaning "first" and "saka"
meaning "to ascend," and means "the first people to ascend the
mountains or go upstream." The term most likely describes the origin
of these people who are found today in Davao del Norte, specifically
in the Batoto River, the Manat Valley, the Marasugan Valley, the Hijo
River Valley, and the seacoasts of Kingking, Maco, Kwambog, Hijo,
Tagum, Libuganon, Tuganay, Ising, and Panabo (Fuentes and De La
Cruz 1980:2).
 9 #Sangil
The Sangir or Sangil is located in the islands of Balut,
Sarangani, and the coastal areas of South Cotabato and
Davao del Sur. Their name comes from Sangihe, an
archipelago located between Sulawesi and Mindanao. This
was their original home but they migrated northwards.
 10 #Subanon
History has better words to speak for Misamis Occidental. Its
principal city was originally populated by the Subanon, a cultural
group that once roamed the seas in great number, the province was
an easy prey to the marauding sea pirates of Lanao whose habit was
to stage lightning forays along the coastal areas in search of slaves.
As the Subanon retreated deeper and deeper into the interior, the
coastal areas became home to inhabitants from Bukidnon who were
steadily followed by settlers from nearby Cebu and Bohol. The name
Subanon, "which is derived from the word suba, "river," means a
river people.
 11 #Tasaday
One of the smallest community, there were only
61 individuals in a census conducted in 1987.
They were originally called “Linat Batang."
Linguistic studies show Tasadays belong under
the ethno linguistic category.
 12 #Tagabawa
Tagabawa is the language used by the Bagobo-
Tagabawa. They are the indigenous tribe in
Mindanao. They live in the surrounding areas of
Mt. Apo.
 13 #Tboli
The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao.
From the body of ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao
they are variously known as Tboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tiboli, Tibole, Tagabili,
Tagabeli, and Tagabulu. They term themselves Tboli or T'boli.
Publications present the Tboli and the Tagabili as distinct community,
some locate the Tbolis to the vicinity of the Buluan Lake in the
Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte. The T'bolis, then, reside on
the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the
coastal area of Maitum, Maasim and Kiamba. In former times, the
Tbolis also inhabited the upper Alah Valley floor.
14 #Bagobo
The Bagobo is a tribe that traces its origin from
the people who brought Hinduism to Mindanao
during the Sri Vijayan and Majapahit invasion.
When the people inter-married with the locals,
they formed a new society and came up with the
name Bagobo.
 15 #Tagakaulo
Their traditional territories is in Davao Del Sur and the
Sarangani Province particularly in the localities of
Malalag, Lais, Talaguton Rivers, Sta. Maria, and Malita
of Davao Occidental, and Malungon of the Sarangani
Province. Tagakaulo means living in mountain. The
Tagakaulo community originally came from the
western shores of the gulf of Davao and south of Mt.
Apo a long time ago.
 17 #Ata
Commonly known as the Atas of Davao, the Ata
M'nuvu live in northwestern Davao del Norte,
particularly in Kapalong and Talaingod; and in
Davao City.
 18 #Obo
The Obo/ Ubo are a M'nuvu sub-tribe who inhabit the more
isolated mountains of Southwest Cotabato in the area known
as Datal Tabayong, as well as, more southerly Davao del Sur
19 #Teruray/ #Teduray
The Tiruray are a traditional hill people of southwestern
Mindanao. They live in the upper portion of a river-drained
area in the northwestern part of South Cotabato, where the
mountainous terrain of the Cotabato Cordillera faces the
Celebes Sea. The Tiruray call themselves etew teduray or
Tiruray people, but also classify themselves according to their
geographic location: etew rotor (mountain people), etew
dogot (coastal people), etew teran, (Tran people) and etew
awang, (Awang people), or etew ufi, (Upi people).