Compressors

INTEGRANTES:

• A NGEL R EY ES A L EJA N D RO
• JI M ENEZ F I GUEROA F ER N A ND O SA N T I AGO
• M ART I NEZ L EO N ER I CK
• V EL AZQUEZ GA L I N D O F ER N A ND O
 History
• In 1834, Jacob Perkins developed the
first steam compression machine, loaded
with ether. Although it was not used
commercially until much later, its
machine contained the four main
elements found in modern refrigeration
systems; a compressor, a condenser, an
expansion valve and an evaporator
The process consists of 4 stages
• First Intake:
the intake valve allows the entry of a certain amount of steam or gas
at low pressure.
• Second Compression:
this steam is compressed by means of a piston until a certain pressure
is reached.
• Third Expulsion:
the expulsion valve opens and the gas leaves the compressor.
• Quarter Expansion:
The piston descends in the cylinder to the bottom dead center.
Definition
THE AC T I O N OF TH E C O M P R ES S O R
C O NS I STS O F M EC H A N I C A L LY F O R C I N G
THE C I R C UL AT I O N OF A F LU I D IN A
C LO S E D C I RC U I T, C R EAT I N G ZO N ES O F
H I G H A N D LOW P R ES S U R E W I T H T H E
PURPOSE TH AT THE F LU I D ABSORBS
H EAT I N O NE PL AC E A ND D I S S I PAT ES I T
I N T H E OT H E R .
T H E C O M P R ES S O R C A N B E CO M PA R E D TO
A P U M P T H AT T R A NS P O RTS ST EA M I N
T H E R E F R I G E R A N T C I R C U I T.
• The compressor is normally
driven by an electric motor, and
in small power equipment
almost exclusively are hermetic
motor compressors.
• The compression is performed
as in an internal combustion
engine, that is, by the movement
of a piston. The compressor
needs an energy and produces a
job. This work is transferred to
the refrigerant vapor and it is
called compression work
 PARTS OF A HERMETIC
REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSOR
1. Housing with connectors and baseplates
2 . Top covers
3. Blockswith a stator bracket
4. Stators (with screws)
5. Rotors
6. Valve units (screws, cylinder cover, gaskets, valve
plate)
7. Crankshafts with grommet
8. Connecting rodes with a piston
9. Oil pickup tubes
10. Springs with suspensions
11. Internal discharge tubes (screw, washer, gasket)
12. Start equipment (PTC device, cover, cord relief)
Types of compressors
• According to its manufacture
Hermetic compressor: The hermetic compressor is usually used
in small and low power facilities because they have a lower cost
and use less space inside the unit, this type of compressor is
cooled directly by the refrigerant itself and does not require
transmissions between the motor and the compressor itself.
Semi-hermetic compressor: The semi-hermetic compressor is
usually used in medium power installations, these have the
motor and compressor installed inside a pressure vessel and
accessible for repair in case of failure.
Other types
Here are the five types of compressors is most commonly used for
mechanical cooling. They received their names from the actions of their
mechanical parts:
• Piston compressor has the piston travels back and forth in the
cylinder.
• Rotary compressor-center rotor, which rotates inside the cylinder.
• Scroll compressor has two spiral-shaped parts. One remains fixed
while the other orbits (without spinning) against him.
• Screw compressor has two screw (screw-shaped) rotors, one male
and the other female. They cling to each other as they, in turn, as the
bolt turns into a threaded hole.
• Centrifugal compressor has a high speed impeller with many blades,
which rotates in a special niche.
What do you need to select a
refrigeration compressor?
Specification for pre-selection of compressors:
To pre-select a compressor for a given application, it will be necessary to
know the following data:
• Refrigerant to be used in the installation.
• Cooling capacity required. (Kcal / h; Tn; kW; etc.)
• Design saturated suction temperature Saturated condensing
temperature design.
• The type of compressor: hermetic, semi-hermetic, open,
alternative, rotary, screw, scroll, etc. according to the intended
application.
The design condensing temperature depends on:
• Condensing medium temperature
• Condensing medium
• Selected condenser size (Capacity)
• Amount or flow rate of the cooling condensing medium.
Special emphasis should be given: If we previously select the
evaporator, then the compressor's cooling capacity will depend
on the evaporator's capacity and not the cooling load of the
application.
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Specification for pre-selection of compressors:
The following table can give us an idea of ​the compressor
that we should use according to the application:
IN THE FOLLOWING
EXAMPLE WE HAVE
THE FOLLOWING
DATA:
• Be of medium temperature
(To = -5 ºC).
• Move a mass flow of
refrigerant of Cm = 118.1 Kg /
h.
• With swept volume Vb = 16.2
m3 / h.
In the following table we have
the data: