BIO400

Concept of Biology
Course Outline-Handout
Lecturer:-
: Dr. Mansur Ahmad
Room FSG-C551
FSG.
Phone: 55435760, 013-6768130
email: mansur628@salam.uitm.edu.my
and mansu628@gmail.com
: Graduate Student Asistance
1)
2)
 ENTRANCE/EXIT SURVEY:

Fill the entrance survey before and after

3
1) Login at Student Portal –> http://istudent.uitm.edu.my

4
2) Click i-Learn Portal logo to access i-Learn Portal

Click i-Learn Portal logo to access i-Learn Portal

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* i-Learn Portal can be accessed by all students except ePJJ students..
Group:

•AS2461A - GA
•AS2461B - GB
•AS2462C - GC
Class Schedule:
• Monday – 11.00 - 12.00 pm(T-All DK Beta) and
2.00pm – 4.00pm (Lab-GA M402)
• Tuesday – 12.00 - 1.00 pm (T/BL-GA B432)
• Wednesday – 9.00 – 10.00am (T-All DK Beta) and
12.00 - 1.00 pm (T/BL-GB n GC A404)
• Thursday –
• Friday - 8.00 am to 10.00 am (Lab-GB n GC M402)
References:
• Mader, S.S. (2013). Concepts of Biology
(3rd. ed). New York: McGraw Hill.

•.
.
References:
• Enger, E.D., Ross, F.C. and Bailey, D.B.
(2014). Concepts in Biology (14th. ed).
New York: Mc Graw Hill.
References:
• Chatterjee, A., Chatterjee, R. And Mohd
Hamim, R. (2013). Key Concepts of
Medical Physiology. Malaysia: University
Publication Centre, UiTM.
References:
• Raven, P.R., Johnson, G.B., Mason, K.A., Losos,
J.B. and Singer, S.R. (2017). Biology (11th. ed.).
New York: Mc Graw Hill.
References:
• Campbell, N.A. and Reece, J,B. (2015). Biology
(8th. ed.).San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings
(Pearson).
References:
• Taylor, M. R., Simon, E. J., Dickey, J. L., Hogan,
A. H. and Reece, J.B. (2017). Biology: Concepts
& Connections (9th .ed.): San Francisco:
Benjamin Cummings (Pearson).
Tentative Grading Schemes:

• Quizes/Lab/practical
skills/presentation – 20 to 25 %
• 2 to 3 Preliminary tests – 25 to 30
%
• Final Examination – 50 %
Decsription of this course:
• This is a general biology course emphasizing the
principles of cell and molecular biology, classical
genetics, organismal biology, biodiversity and
ecology. Students will gain a general
understanding of biological processes and
structures and will be introduced to the methods
and logic of science associated with these topics.
Mass lecture sessions will be accompanied with
active learning activities besides laboratory
practical to provide hands-on learning
experience.
Decsription of this course:

• Topics: Biological Chemistry, Biology

of the Cell, Energy, Cellular
Reproduction, Genetics and
Molecular Genetics. Biological
Diversity, Systems and their Control,
Reproduction and Development, and
Organisms and the Environment
 [1]
Basic Concepts in
Biology
“Konsep asas Kaji Hayat”
 Biology = science of life
or study of life

“The study of ourselves and

everything that is alive around
us”.
It is a broad field including many
branches and subdisciplines.
Biologists study structure,
function, growth, evolution,
distribution, identification and
taxonomy. Below are the main
branches of study included in this
field.
Zoology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biophysics,
Biotechnology, Botany , Cell Biology(Cytology),
Ecology. Evolution, Genetics, Immunology,
Marine Biology, Freash water biology,
Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Mycology,
Parasitology, Photobiology, Phycology,
Physiology, Plant Physiology, Radiobiology,
Structural Biology, Theoretical Biology, Virology,
Morphology, Histology, Embrology, Environmental
biology, Palaentology, Sociobiology, Entomology,
Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, mammalogy,
Ornithology, Primatology, Pharmacology, Bio-
engineering, Medical Biology, Astrobiology
Zoology – scientific study on animals
Anatomy – structure of organisms and parts
Biochemistry – study on chemical and
physico-chemical
processes and substances occurs in
living organisms.
Biophysics - study on applocation of law o
physics to living organisms.
Biotechnology – study on the use of living
systems and organism to develop or make
useful products
Cell Biology(Cytology) – study of cell
structure and function,
Environmental biology and ecology– study of the
relation among organism and to its physical
surroundings.
Evolution – study on the gradual
development of organism to survive
Genetics – study on genes and genetics
variation and heredity of organisms.
Immunology – study on medicine and
biology concerned with immune
systems.
Marine Biology – study of organisms that live
in salt water,
Fresh water biology – study of
organism that live in fresh water
Microbiology – biological study on
microorganism
Molecular Biology - biological study on
micromolecules
Mycology – study on fungi
Parasitology – study on parasites
Photobiology – study of effect of light
on organism
Phycology – study on seaweeds and
algea
Physiology – study on the normal function
of organism and their parts.
Plant Physiology - study on the normal
function of plants and their parts.
Radiobiology – study on effects of
ionizing radiation on organism and
its application
Structural Biology – study on molecular
structure of biological molecules
Theoretical Biology – study on the
theoretical and mathematical models
og organism compare to
experimental.
Virology – study on viruses
Morphology – study of external structure of
organism ,
Histology – study of structure and function
of tissues,
Embryology – study on development of new
individual from fertelized eggs
Palaentology – study of life in the geologic
past especially through animals and plants
fossils,
Palaentology – study of life in the geologic past especially through
animals and plants fossils,
Sociobiology – study on biological aspects
of social behavior in organism especially on
animals and humans.
Entomology – study of insects
Ethology – study on animal behavior
Herpetology – study on reptiles and
amphibians
Ichthyology –
study on fish
Mammalogy – study on mammals
Ornithology – study on birds
Primatology – study on primates
Primatology – study on primates
Pharmacology – branch in medicine
concerned with uses, effects and pattern in
action of drugs
Bio-engineering – genetic engineering
Medical Biology –
study of biology
with practical
application in
medicine
Astrobiology – study on the origins, early
evolution, distribution and future of life in
the universe
 Basic Quantities:
• Length

• Time

• Mass

• Force
 Basic Models:
• Particle

• Rigid body

• Concentrated force

• Newton’s 3 laws of motion

 WEIGHT (N) = mg
m – mass (kg)
g - acceleration due to earth gravity
(9.80665 m/s2)~ 9.81
m – meter, s – second

1 Newton = 1 kg . m/s2
 Example:
1 kg X 9.81 m/s2
60 kg (about 1 person) = ? N

60 kg X 9.81 m/s2 = N

588.6
 Unit Conversion:
Why convert unit ?

Town A Town B
Only have Only have cups to
pail/bucket to scoop sand
scoop sand

1 pail of sand = ? cups of

sand
 Unit Conversion:
Why convert unit ?

Town A Town B
Only have Only have cups to
pail/bucket to scoop sand
scoop sand

1 pail of sand = 10 cups of

sand
250 cups of sand = ? Pails of sand
Conversion Factors
Quantity Unit of Measurement = Unit of
(customary) Measurement
(customary)

Force Ib 4.4482 N
Mass slug 14.5938 kg
Length in 0.0254 m
ft 0.3048 m
Area ft2 0.0929 m2
in2 645 mm2
 Unit Conversion
• Acceleration
• Energy
• Intensity of Force
• Moment
• Power
• Pressure, stress
• Modulus
• Other
 Unit Conversion:
SI Units
Multiplication Exponential Symbol Prefix
factor Form

1 000 000 000 000 1012 T tera

1 000 000 000 109 G giga
1 000 000 106 M mega
1 000 103 K kilo
100 102 h hecto
10 101 da deka
0.1 10-1 d deci
0.01 10-2 c centi
0.001 10-3 m mili
0.000 001 10-6 m micro
0.000 000 001 10-9 n nano
0.000 000 000 001 10-12 p pico
 Principle units:
Quantity SI US CUST.
Area m2 in2, ft2
Density Kg/m3 Slug/ft3
Force N Ib, kip
Intensity of Force N/m Ib/in, Ib/ft
Length m in, ft
mass kg slug
Moment of a force N.m Ib.in, Ib.ft
Moment of Inertia m4 in4, ft4
KPa, Mpa,
Stress and pressure N/m2 (pascal) Ib/in2 (psi) GPa

Section modulus m3 in3, ft3

Volume m3 in3, ft3
Modulus of elasticity N/m2 (pascal) Ib/in2 (psi)

1 kips = 1000 Ib 1 pa = 1 N/m2

 Example
• Convert the unit below:
• 20 in2 = ______ m2

• 250 kg = ______ N

• 500 Ib = ______ N
 Example

• 20 in2 = 20 X 0.0254 X 0.0254

= 0.0129 m2

• 250 kg =250 X 9.81 = 2452.5N

• 500 Ib =500 X 4.4482

= 2224.1 N
 Example
Intensity of force

• 350 Ib/in = ______N/m

350 Ib

1 in
 Example
Intensity of force

61294.1
• 350 Ib/in = _____________ N/m

350 X 4.4482
0.0254
 Example
Moment of a force.

• 500 Ib.in = ______N.m

500 Ib

1 in
 Example
Moment of a force

56.49
• 500 Ib.in = __________N.m

500 X 4.4482 X 0.0254

 Example
Pressure/stress

• 640 Ib/in2 = ______ N/m2

640 Ib

1 in
1 in
 Example
Pressure/stress

4412623.23
• 640 Ib/in2 = _______________N/m2

640 X 4.4482
2
(0.0254)
 Example
• Convert the unit below:
• 7900 N/m2 = ______ Ib/in2

• 250 N/mm = ______ kips/ft

• 500 KN-m = ______ Ib-ft

 Example

1.1458
• 7900 N/m2 = _______________Ib/in2

2
7900 X (0.0254)
4.4482
 Example

17.13
• 250 N/mm = _______________kips/ft

250 X (304.8)
4.4482 X 1000
 Example

0.0171
• 250 N/m = _______________kips/ft

250 X (0.3048)
4.4482 X 1000
 Example

368688.5
• 500 KN.m = _______________Ib.ft

500 X 1000 X 3.28

4.4482
 More Example

9427.5
• 65 GPa = _______________ksi
65 X 109 X 0.02542
4.4482 X 1000
 Quiz 1:

• 10000 KPa = _______ Ib/in2

• 660 kips/in2 = _______ Pa
• 120 Ib/ft = _______ N/mm