Internetworking

What is Internetwork
• Internetworking is the technique of
interconnecting large number of networks
together, using connecting devices like routers
& Switches.
• The different networks are owned by different
entities that widely vary in terms of network
technologies.
• These networks may be public, private,
government, business or academic in nature,
whose sizes may vary from small LANs to large
WANs.
• The resulting network of networks is
generally termed as internetwork or simply
internet.
 How Networks Differ
Item Some Possibilities
Service Offered Connection Oriented or Connectionless
Protocols IP, MPLS, Apple Talk etc
Multicasting Present or Absent
Packet Size Same or Different
QoS Present or Absent
Security Privacy Rules, Encryption
Parameters Timeouts
Accounting Connect Time, By byte
 Tunneling
• A technique of internetworking called
Tunneling is used when source and
destination networks of same type are to be
connected through a network of different
type.
• Static and Dynamic Tunneling.
 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
• A VPN is a private network that uses a public
network (usually the Internet) to connect remote
sites or users together. Instead of using a
dedicated, real-world connection, such as leased
line,
• a VPN uses "virtual" connections routed through
the Internet from the company's private network
to the remote site or employee.
• Less Costly.
VPN Example
 VPN Working
• The host on the left side has some data that has to
reach the file server on the right side. The IP packet will
have a source IP address of 192.168.1.1 and a
destination IP address of 192.168.2.1. The host will
send this IP packet to it default gateway (R1).
• R1 will encrypt the packet and it will add a VPN header.
The encrypted IP packet with the VPN header will be
placed in a new IP packet that has a source IP address
of 1.1.1.1 (that‟s the public IP address on R1) and a
destination IP address of 2.2.2.2 (the public IP address
of R2).
• R2 wil receive the IP packet, looks at the VPN
header and decrypts the IP packet. It will then
be forwarded to the file server.
• The file server receives a normal IP packet.
• Putting an IP packet into another IP packet is
called tunneling.
 Internetwork Routing
• IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)
• EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
• Autonomous System (AS)
Internetwork Routing
 Autonomous System (AS)
• An autonomous system is also sometimes
referred to as a routing domain. An
autonomous system is assigned a globally
unique number, called an Autonomous System
Number (ASN). Networks within an
autonomous system communicate routing
information to each other.
Fragmentation