Definition and Vision

Definition and Vision

 Definition of Internet- Network of Networks:
The Internet is an interconnection of computer
networks, connecting millions of computers that
can communicate information with one another.
 Definition of thing: Thing is a word used to refer
to a physical object, A thing, in the context of the
Internet of things, is an entity or physical object
that has a unique identifier, an embedded
system and the ability to transfer data over a
network.
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects devices, vehicles, home
appliances, and other items embedded with
electronics, software, sensor, actuators, and
connectivity which enables these things to
connect and exchange data, creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical world into computer-based systems,
resulting in efficiency improvements, economic
benefits, and reduced human exertions.
Vision
A vision where things (wearable, watch, alarm
clock, home devices, surrounding objects
with) become smart and behave alive through
sensing, computing and communicating
systems
• Things have unique identity
• Connected to internet
• Expert forecast: by 2020 50 billion devices will
be connected to Internet
 An IoT Conceptual Framework
 Physical Object + Controller, Sensor and Actuators + Internet =
Internet of Things … (1.1)
Source: An equation given by Adrian McEwen and Hakim Cassimally,
‘Designing Internet of things’, Wiley, 2014

 Gather + Enrich + Stream + Manage + Acquire + organize and

Analyse = Internet of Things
Enterprise & Business Applications, Integration and SoA … (1.2)
[An Equation based on Oracle IoT Architecture in Fig. 1.5 of book]

 Gather + Consolidate + Connect + Collect + Assemble + Manage and

Analyse = Internet of Things connected to Cloud Services … (1.3)
[An Equation based on the IBM Framework Fig. 1.3]
Oracle IoT architecture
IBM Io conceptual frame work
 CISCO –IoT Reference model-
Conceptual frame work for general IoT
system
• Data flows in both directions depending on
Control and Monitoring problem
• Level 1: Physical Devices and
Controllers:These are the “things” in the IoT,
and they include a wide range of endpoint
devices that send and receive information.
• Connectivity includes:
• Communicating with and between the Level 1
devices
• Reliable delivery across the network(s)
• Implementation of various protocols
• Switching and routing
• Translation between protocols
• Security at the network level
• (Self Learning) Networking Analytics
 Level 3: Edge (Fog) Computing
• Converts network data flows into information
that is suitable for storage and higher level
processing at Level 4 (data accumulation).
• Data filtering, cleanup, aggregation
• Packet content inspection
• Combination of network and data level analytics
• Thresholding
• Event generation
 Level 4: Data Accumulation
• Making network data usable by applications
• Converts data-in-motion to data-at-rest
• Converts format from network packets to
database relational tables
• Achieves transition from ‘Event based’ to
‘Query based’ computing
• Dramatically reduces data through filtering
and selective storing
 Level 5: Data Abstraction
• Abstracting the data interface for applications
• Creates schemas and views of data in the manner
that applications want
• Combines data from multiple sources,
simplifying the application
• Filtering, selecting, projecting, and reformatting
the data to serve the client applications
• Reconciles differences in data shape, format,
semantics, access protocol, and security
 Level 6: Application
• information interpretation occurs here
• Reporting, Analytics, Control
 Level 7:Collaboration and Processes
• The objective of IoT is not the application—it
is to empower people to do their work better.
• Applications (Level 6) give business people the
right data, at the right time, so they can do
the right thing.
• The action needed requires more than one
person. People must be able to communicate
and collaborate, sometimes using the
traditional Internet, to make the IoT useful.
 Questions
• Define IoT .
• Explain an IoT reference model suggested by
CISCO.
Growth drivers of IoT
 Technologies behind IoT
1. Hardware
• Embedded Devices
• Embedded hardware/software with Sensors/Actuators
• Hardware (Arduino Raspberry Pi, Intel Edison, mBed, Beagle Bone Black
and Wireless SoC, )
2. Integrated development environment (IDE)
• Enables developing device software, firmware and APIs
3. Communication Protocols
• CoAP, RESTful HTTP, MQTT, XMPP
• Communication (RFID, NFC, 6LowPAN, UWB, ZigBee, Bluetooth LE, Power-
line Ethernet, LPWAN)
• Network back bone
• ZigBeeIP, RPL, IPv4, IPv6, UDP
• WiFi, WiMax, 2G/3G/4G/5G
4. Software Platforms
• Two components: Software at the IoT device and software at IoT sever
• Operating syystems-RIOT OS ,Contiki OS open source multitasking OS
,Raspbian,Thingsquare Mist firmware, Eclipse IoT,AllJoyn open source OS by
Qualcomm
• Internetwork Cloud Platforms (Sense, ThingWorxXively, Nimbits, TCS Connected
Universe Platform(TCS CUP), openHAB, AWS IoT, IBM BlueMix, CISCO IoT, IOx and
Fog, EvryThng,Azure)
5a. Analyzing and Visualising
• Analyzing data, streaming data, events streaming data
• Descriptive, Prescriptive and Predictive Analytics
• Data Visualisation
5b. Analytics & Machine Learning
• Learning ability to learn continuously from data, and the ability to drive
actions/Applications/Business Processes
• Machine learning algorithms, for example, GROK from Numenta Inc.
 Sources of IoT
Hardware sources for IoT prototype
development are
• Arduino Yun
• Microduino
• Beagle and
• RasWIK
 M2M Communication
• Process of communication of Physical object or device or
machine with others of the same type
• Communication mostly for monitoring and sometimes
for controlling
• Each machine embed a smart device.
senses data or status of machine
performs computation and communication
functions
• A device communicates via wired or wireless systems
• Protocols: 6LowPAN, LWM2M, MQTT, XMPP
• Each device assigned 48-bits Ipv6 addresses
M2M Vs IoT
M2M Vs IoT
 M2M Architechture
Consists of three domains:
• M2M Device Domain: Three entities physical
devices, communication interface and gateway
• M2M Network Domain consists of M2M server,
device identity management, data analytics and
data and device management
• M2M Application Domain consists of applications
for services , monitoring, analysis and controlling
of devices networks
 Questions
• How does M2M relate to IoT. What are the
differences between the two?
• What are the three architectural domain
functionalities in M2M architecture?
 Examples of IoT

• Wearable devices
• Smart home
• Smart cities
• And many more….
 Wearable Smart watches
• Tracks steps , distance, calories burned and
active minutes
• Show Stats, time and news etc.
• Detects sleep patterns
• Health monitoring
• Get calls, texts, calendar notifications
• Examples: Fitbit, Apple Watch , Microsoft
Wrist Band2 etc
 Smart Home
• Home security
• Lighting control
• Home healthcare
• Fire detection or leakage detection
• Energy efficiency
• Solar panel monitoring and control
• Refrigerator and inventory control
• Automated Meter Reading
 Smart city
• The IoT concept extends to Internet of
Everything (IoE) for developing smart cities
• Four layer architectural framework developed
by CISCO