POPULATION,

SAMPLE, AND
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
 2

Hello!
We are Group 3
○Ni Putu Diva Cahyani (1707531035)
○Ajeng Winda Febrianti (1707531055)
○Ni Made Dwitarini (1707531114)
○Ni Kadek Desi Pilianti (1707531118)
POPULATION
 a generalization area consisting
4 of
Sugiyono (2011: 80) objects / subjects that have the
quality and characteristics determined
by researchers to be studied and then
conclusions drawn.

POPULATION Dergibson Siagian The whole unit or individual within the

Sugiarto (2000: 9) scope of interest to be examined

Arikunto (2013: 173) the whole subject of research.

Nur Indriantoro and a group of people, events or everything that has

Bambang Supomo certain characteristics.
(1999: 257),

a group of individuals or objects of observation that

Kuncoro (2003: 24) have at least one characteristic in common.
 “ 5

population is an object or subject that

is in one area and meets certain
conditions that have links with the
problem under study
 Based on the determination of data
sources

POPULATION Limited Population Unlimited Population

The Effect of Banking Imagery on Analysis of Financial Lapora

Customers' Decisions in Taking Credit Using the Camels Approach
with Credit Services and Procedures and Altman Model to Predict
Bank Failure in Indonesia"
as a Moderating Variable in PD BPR
with its population, namely
Bank Bantul, with a population of all Banks in Indonesia.
customers taking credit at PD BPR
Bank Bantul amounting to 11,570
people
 Margono (2012: 119) states that a population for
a study must be divided

POPULATION Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Population Population

Analysis of the Effect of Operating The Effect of Motivation and

Cash Flow and Accounting Profit on
Stock Returns on Manufacturing
Companies Listed on the Indonesia
Stock Exchange" where the population
used is a homogeneous population that
is manufacturing companies listed on
the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Education on Taxpayer Compliance
in Indonesia", where the population
used in the study is taxpayers in
Indonesia, which has various
characteristics or circumstances
that need to set limits.
SAMPLE
 a part of the population taken
9
Dergibson Siagian according to procedure so that it can
Sugiarto (2000: 8) represent the population.

Arikunto (2006: 2013) part or representative of the population

under study.
SAMPLE

part of an affordable population that

Nana Sudjana and has the same characteristics as the
Ibrahim (2004: 85) population.

part of the number and characteristics possessed

Sugiyono (2011: 81) by the population.

part of the population, for example (monsters)

Margono (2004: 121) taken using certain methods.
 “ 10

The sample is part of the number and

characteristics possessed by the
population that represent the
population in the study
 11

RESEARCH USING
POPULATION AND
SAMPLE
 12

RESEARCH WITH
POPULATION

Research that works with

populations does not need to face
the problem of generalization. The
method of withdrawing / retrieving
data clearly representing /
involving all members of the
population is called a census.
 13

For accuracy Resources are

RESEARCH WITH A study often requires heterogeneous
POPULATION
a high degree of When dealing with
accuracy and heterogeneous sources
accuracy, so it of information where the
requires large nature and
amounts of data characteristics of each
source are difficult to
distinguish, it is better to
use census methods.
 14

RESEARCH WITH
SAMPEL

Research that works with samples,

means that only taking a portion of
the population to be used as a
sample and then based on sample
analysis made generalizations.

(Margono, 2004: 121) states that samples in a study
arise due to
RESEARCH WITH Researchers intend
SAMPLE to reduce the object
of research as a
result of the large
population, so they
must examine only a
part.
15
Research intends to
make generalizations
from the results of
research, in the sense
of wearing
conclusions to
objects, symptoms, or
events that are
broader.
 16

Population size

Cost issues
Research with Sample
A matter of time

Experiments that are

destructive
Accuracy issues

Economic problems
Good Sample
Criteria
 18

Allows the researcher Identifies the

to make decisions probability of each
related to the sample unit of analysis to
Characteristic
size to obtain the be a sample
desired answers

Allows researchers to Allows the researcher to

calculate the degree of calculate accuracy and
trust that is applied in influence (eg errors) in
population estimates sample selection rather
compiled from statistical than having to take a
samples census
 19

Criteria Accurancy

Precision
 “
An accurate sample is the extent to which the sample
20

statistics can estimate population parameters precisely.

Accuracy is related to the level of confidence.
 21

○ The server selection is based on the right proxy

Improve Sample
Accuracy
○ Avoiding bias in sample selection
 “
Precision sample is the extent to which the results based
22

on the sample can reflect the reality of the population

carefully.

Estimation 60-70 unit

Realization 65 unit
 23

Sample Size
 24

Factors affecting the ○Degree of uniformity of the population

number / size of the ○The desired precision in research
sample
○Analysis plan
○Energy, cost and time
 25

Degree of uniformity of
the population The more uniform the population, the
smaller the sample that can be taken.
 26

The higher the desired level of precision, the

larger the sample size must be taken, and vice
The desired precision versa the lower the level of precision desired, the
of research
smaller the sample size required.
 27

There are times when the sample size is sufficient according

to the desired precision, but if it is related to the needs of the
Analysis plan analysis, the sample size will be insufficient.
 28

If high precision is desired, the number of samples must be

large. But if funds, energy and time are limited then it is not
possible to take large samples, and this means that the
Energy, cost and time precision will decrease.
Consideration of
Determining
Sample Size
 “
The purpose of using samples is that researchers
30

can obtain data that can reflect the state of the

population with cheaper research costs and
faster research time. The use of samples can
reduce the cost and time of research.
 31

The sample
must be large
These are two kinds of in order to
myths that often arise represent the
relating to determining population
the sample (Cooper &
Schindler, 2001)

The sample
must contain
a proportional
relationship to
population
size
And how about the
practice in the field?
 32

According to Dave &

Cosenza (1993) in Homogeneity Precision
Kuncoro (2013), the
number of samples
suitable for a study is
influenced by several
factors: Degree of Analysis
Trust Procedure

Resource
Constraints
 33

DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE

There are several opinions, formulas and table references developed

by experts to determine the sample of the population to be studied.
These opinions can be adjusted to the needs of research.
 34

STUDY CASE

Chris Evans will conduct research on the effects of motivation, perception,

the job market, and professional recognition on Udayana FEB Accounting
students in choosing a career as a public accountant. The active student
population of Udayana's FEB accounting study program is 1000 people.
How many samples are needed if the confidence level is 95%, and the
error rate is 5%?

Let's find out based on the opinions

of experts!
 35

Gay & Diehl Gay, LR and Diehl, PL (1992) stated that the size of the
research sample must be as large as possible, because the
larger sample taken, the more representative the shape and
character of the population and the more generalizability.
However, the exact size of the sample to be taken depends
very much on the type of research being worked on.
 36
Here are some conditions that need to be considered;
1. the sample size of descriptive research at least 10% of
the population, but if the population is small then 20%
may be required.
Gay & Diehl 2. the sample size of correlational research at least 30
subjects,
3. the sample size of causal-comparative research at least
30 subjects for each group
4. the sample size of experimental research at least 15
subjects for each group.

Research conducted by Chris Evans is causal-comparative research, so

according to Gay & Diehl, the minimum number of samples that Chris
Evans has to use is 30 people.
 37

Fraenkel & Wallen (1993) suggest, minimum sample sizes

for:
○Descriptive research of 100.
Fraenkel & ○50 correlational studies.
Wallen ○Causal-comparative research 30 / group.
○Experimental research totaling 30/15.

Research conducted by Chris Evans is causal-comparative

research, so according to Fraenkel & Wallen, the minimum number
of samples that Chris Evans has to use is 30 people.
 38

"... if the researcher has several hundred subjects in the

population, then they can determine approximately 25 - 30%
of that amount. If the number of subject members in the
Suharsimi population only covers between 100-150 people, and in
collecting data the researcher uses a questionnaire, then the
Arikunto subject should be taken in full. However, if the researcher
uses interview and observation techniques, this amount can
be reduced according to the sample technique and in
accordance with the ability of the researcher”

The population in Chris Evans's research is 1000 people, according

to Suharsimi Arikunto, the number of samples that can be used by
Chris Evans is 250-300 people.
 39

DETERMINING THE SAMPLE

SIZE WHEN THE POPULATION
IS KNOWN
 40

N
n=
1 + (N x e2 )

Slovin
Information:
n = sample size
N = Number of population
e2 = significance level or sampling error limit (usually 5% or
(0.05).
 41

Using Chris Evans's research as a case example, we can find out the
number of samples using the Slovin formula as follows:
Slovin
N = 1000 people (total population / employee)
e2= (5%) / 100 = 0,05

1000
n= = 286 samples/people
1 +(1000 x 0,052)

So, by using Slovin equation, we know that samples for Chris

Evans research should be 286.
 42
Isaac and Michael (1983) developed a table of determining the
sample size of a particular population for a significance level of 1%,
5%, and 10% based on the following formula:

Isaac and 𝜆𝑁𝑃𝑄

𝑛=
𝑑 2 𝑁 − 1 + 𝜆²𝑃𝑄
Michael
○Information:
○n = number of samples
○λ² = chi square depending on the degree of freedom and
confidence level. (df = 1, and confidence levels can be 1%,
5%, and 10%) can be seen in the Chi Square table.
○d = significance level or sampling error limit (usually 5% = 0,05)
○N = total population
○P = correct chance (0,5)
○Q = incorrect chance (0,5)
 For Chris Evans’s research: 43

○λ² = df = 1, and the confidence level is 5%, it means Chi

Square is 3.841
Isaac and ○d = 0,05
Michael ○N = 1000
○P = 0,5
○Q = 0,5
𝜆𝑁𝑃𝑄 3,841𝑥1000𝑥0,5𝑥0,5
○𝑛 = = =
𝑑 2 𝑁−1 +𝜆²𝑃𝑄 0,052 1000−1 +3.841𝑥0,5𝑥0,5
277

So, for a population of 1000 with a sampling error rate and 5%

confidence level the recommended number of samples is 277.
 44

Isaac and
Michael
 According to Harry King, determining the number of samples can45
be measured using a Nomogram. Harry King calculates samples
not only based on errors of 5%, but varies from 0.3% to 15%. But
the highest population is only 2000. The equation of determining
the number of samples using the Harry King monogram is:
Harry King
n = number of samples x percentage of population x
multiplier factor

The population percentage is obtained by drawing a straight line

through the population size number (right nomogram) through the
error sample level (middle section nomogram) until it reaches the
percentage line of the population taken as a sample (left number
nomogram)
 46
The following is a sample calculation for Chris Evans's research
using the Harry King nomogram:

Harry King
21%

n = 1000 x 21% x 1,195 = 251

So, based on the Harry King nomogram, the

number of samples that Chris Evans had to
use in his research was 251 samples.
 47

METHODS NUMBER OF SAMPLES

Gay & Diehl Minumun 30
Fraenkel & Wallen Minimun 30
Suharsimi Arikunto 250-300
Slovin 286
Isaac and Michael 277
Harry King 251
 48

DETERMINING THE SAMPLE

SIZE WHEN THE POPULATION
IS UNKNOWN
 According to Sugiyono (2010), if the total population in the 49
research is unknown , the calculation of the number of samples
can use the Cochran formula:
𝑧 2 𝑝𝑞
𝑛=
𝑒²
Cochran ○Information
○n = Number of samples needed
○z = table z value (normal distribution table) at a certain
confidence level. For example, with a 95% confidence
level, the z value is 1.96
○p = 50% correct chance
○q = 50% incorrect chance
○e = significance level or sampling error limit (usually 5%)
 Patrick Star will conduct research on the effect of marketing mix and
sharia compliance on customers' decisions to choose a Sharia
Commercial Bank in Kudus City. The study population was all customers
at the Sharia Commercial Bank in Kudus City, and the amount could not
be known because it was a company secret. How many samples are
needed if the sampling error is 5%?
Cochran
Answer:
○z = confidence level 95% = 1,96
○p = 0,5
○q = 0,5,
○e = 0,05
𝑧 2 𝑝𝑞 (1,96)2 0,5 (0,5)
○𝑛 = = = 385
𝑒² 0,05²

So, the number of samples that should be used according to the Cochran
equation is 385 people.
 The Lemeshow (1977) formula developed by Stainley Lameshow can51
also be used to determine the number of samples when the population is
unknown (Riduwan & Akdon, 2010). Here is the Lemeshow formula:
𝑧 2 𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
𝑛=
𝑒²
Lemeshow Information
n = number of samples
z = table z value (normal distribution table) at a certain confidence
level. For example, with a 95% confidence level, the z value is
1.96
p = Proportion of population or outcome prevalence (usually
obtained from previous related researchs. If no data from
previous researchs are available, researchers can use 50% or p
= 0.5 as a prevalence because it will provide an adequate
number of research subjects, regardless of the prevalence
actually in the population).
e = significance level or sampling error limit (usually 5%)
 52
So, to determine the number of samples of Patrick Star Research
using the Lemeshow formula, we can enter data into the equation:
z = 1,96
p = 0,5
Lemeshow e = 0,05
𝑧 2 𝑝(1−𝑝) 1,962 0,5(1−0,5)
𝑛= = = 384
𝑒² 0,05²

So, for Patrick Star research, using the Lemeshow equation,

we can use a sample of 384 people.
 53

According to Hair et al., (1998) in Ferdinand (2002) the sample

Hair et al size should be 100 or larger. As a general rule, the minimum
sample size is at least five times more than the number of
question items to be analyzed, so if the study uses 32 question
items, then the minimum sample to use is 160 (32 x 5 = 160).
SPURCES OF SAMPLING
ERROR
 Two Factors of Sources of Sampling Error

SOURCES OF
SAMPLING ERROR

Sampling Error

Systematic error
 “ 56

Sampling errors
Caused by various possibilities on
each procedure in the sample
selection
Random
Sampling Unit Sampling Sampling
Frame Error Error Errors
 57

Sampling Frame
Error

An error caused by the

difference between elements
in the sample framework with
elements of the target
populations
 58
Ex: "Influence of Gender, Obedience pressure, Task Complexity, and
Experience of Performance Analysis of Auditors in Auditing Judgement”
The criteria in the sample framework:
- both male and female auditors working in the KAP in Bali registered in
IAPI
EXAMPLE:
- auditors who have experience in their field minimum of 5 years, and
- based on types of audits performed
Based on the explanation, researchers make mistakes in sorting criteria
to be the framework of the sample on the criteria of auditors who have 5
years of experience, because the auditor can consist of a junior auditor,
senior auditor, supervisors, partners, and managers. Researchers should
determine which types of auditors will be researched.
 59

Unit Sampling
Error

Caused by the determination of the elements

in a sample unit that may be less
representative of its population characteristics.
Mistakes that occur are usually caused by the
researcher's fault in determining the sampling
method
 60

Unit Sampling error

○Ex:Professional Influence on judgement, experience, expertise,
knowledge accounting and auditing and skepticism of auditors
Unit Sampling error
against the correctness of the Auditor's opinion".
In the research, researchers decided to use the stratified random
sampling method. The research is a qualitative study that
requires consideration by people who are experts in their field.
So this research should use the sampling method purposive.
 61

Random Sampling
Errors

Caused by a variation in randomly

selected sample subjects.
The smaller the variation in the
value of the elements, the lower
the probability of randomly
selected sample errors.
 “ 62

Systematic errors
Caused by the respondent's
response to the survey method
Respondent Administrative
Error errors
 63

○Response bias Error Ex:

○Non-response bias Error the respondent gives an If the respondent who the
If subject of a sample that incorrect answer in reality respondent replied with
does not respond is more either intentionally or random without
Respondent Error representative than the subject unintentionally. Some understanding the intent of
of the sample that responds. things that can create a the statement in the
bias response, namely: questionnaire.
Ex:
○acquiescence bias.
If the respondent who
requested to fill the ○neutrality bias
Questionnaire replied with a ○auspice bias
neutral choice.
 64
Data processing
error
Due to errors in Interviewer error
Administrative errors
procedural or Caused by a selective
arithmetic processes perception of the
through a computer. interviewer who only
records the
respondent's answer
that is not in line with
the interviewer's attitude
and opinion.
 65

Interviewer Cheating Interviewer error

(cheating) selective perception of the
Administrative errors
An interviewer action that interviewer who only
skips questions on a records the respondent's
sensitive topic for quick answer that is not in line
interviews to complete. with the interviewer's
attitude and opinion.
 66
Procedures Of Sample Determination

1. Determination of target population

2. Determination of the sample selection framework
3. Determination Want big impact?
of sample selection method and
Use number
selection of sampling big image.
a. Method of research of probability
b. Method of research of non-probability
4. Determination of sample size
5. Determination of the sample unit
 67

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
○Sampling technique is a generally divided
technique of two probability sampling and non-
probability sampling (Malhotra: 2002).
 Probability Sampling Techniques Non-probability Sampling Techniques 68
The sampling technique with the condition of each Sample techniques that do not use sample selection
population element has a fixed opportunity for the procedures on an opportunity basis. Not all population
election as a sample members have the same opportunity to be selected as
samples
All population members have the same opportunity to Each population element does not have a fixed opportunity to
be selected as samples be selected as a sample
The sample selection of the population is randomly The sample selection from the population is not carried out
randomly. In the implementation, sampling depends on the
personal assessment of the researcher.
Sample selection is not performed subjectively Subjectivity, knowledge, beliefs, opinions, and experiences
are often used as consideration for determining the
population members to be selected as samples
Can be obtained an estimate of the objective Although subjectivity plays a role in sampling, it is possible
population characteristics to obtain a good parameter interview if the criteria defined by
the researcher and the selected sample are most reliable.
 69
Probability Sampling Techniques Non-probability Sampling Techniques
Sample framework required to take samples No sample framework Required
Can use chance theory to suspect bias that may
occur
The opportunity to gain an estimate of the Generally, the accuracy of the information obtained is
objective population characteristics suggests the influenced by the subjectivity of researchers so often
presence of sample frameworks that are often gained biased results. In certain conditions, the bias
difficult to fulfill. that appears cannot be eliminated by increasing the
sample size and not being accurately calculated.
The opportunity to gain an estimate of the Developed to answer the difficulties that arise in
objective population characteristics suggests the applying probability sampling techniques, especially
presence of sample frameworks that are often related to the fulfillment of the needs of sample
difficult to fulfill. frameworks
Excelling (Advantages) in theory but in the From the point of view theory less reliable when
implementation often encountered some mistakes compared probability sampling. Sampling provides a
due to the implementation of carelessness. convenience that is not found in probability sampling.
Techniques of
Sampling
 71

Probability sampling
According to Sugiyono (2017:139) probability sampling is a sampling
technique that provides equal opportunities for each element of the
population to be selected to be a member of the sample.
 72

According to Sugiarto (2017:143) The characteristics of simple

random sampling, namely:
• Each member of the population has the same opportunity to be
Simple Random selected as a sample in the study.
Sampling • Each element is selected independently of each other element
and the sample is taken with a random procedure from a sampling
framework
• For limited and relatively small population size, the sampling
process is relatively easy and the larger the population size, the
sampling process is increasingly complicated.
• Sample draws from sample frameworks can be done with random
tables, sweepstakes, computers, and others.
 73

Advantages and Disadvantages of simple random

sampling (Kuncoro, 2010:127) sampling techniques,
including:
Advantages:
◦The sample selection procedure is very easy and
simplest
◦Unit selection of samples of only one type
◦Fault classification can be avoided
◦Simply with a large graphical representation of the
population
 74

Disadvantages:
○A general overview of the population may have been unknown
○By using the same number of samples, the level of accuracy and accuracy
of research becomes lower than the selection of random stratification.
Example: In research on "The effect of the implementation of cost behavior
on the financial management of Udayana University accounting students"
Criteria defined in the sample selection:
• Students of Udayana University accounting department
• Students who have pass in the course of cost accounting
In the study obtained 150 samples of accounting students. And researchers
would randomly take 80 samples of students to research.
 75

Proportionate
stratified Random
sampling
Stratified Sampling

Disproportionate
Stratified Random
sampling
 76

According to Sugiarto (2017:150) characteristic stratified sampling,

namely:
• Simple is selected by selecting a random starting point and then
taking each successive element from the sample frame to be
Stratified Sampling sampled.
• Elements are selected from the population at the same interval by
time, order, or room
According to Kuncoro (2010:131) concerning the proportion of the
number of samples taken with the number of elements on each unit of
the sample, this stratified sampling can be divided into two kinds,
namely proportionate stratified random sampling and
disproportionate dtratified random sampling.
 77

proportionate
stratified random
sampling Proportionate stratified random sampling technique is used when the
population has members/elements that are not homogeny and
proportionally (Sugiyono, 2017:140).

Disproportionate Stratified
Random sampling
78
This technique is used to determine the number of samples when the
population is in a stratum but less proportional.
Example: In the study of "the influence of leadership styles on employee
performance (case study on Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan of
Halmahera Regency). By using the Solvin formula to calculate the size of the
sample to be taken. It is known that the total respondents were 146, and the error
was tolerated by 10%. TOTSL 246 respondents divided into 5 strata, namely:
1. Secretary: 1
2. Head of subsection/department: 3
3. Group Functional Department: 8
4. Head section: 8
5. Group of implementing units: 2
6. Staff: 124
The study used a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique, which
was a random member of the population sampling and remained partially
proportional to the division, doing this sampling due to population members
heterogeneous (not similar).
 79

SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING
 “ 80

Systematic sampling is a method in

which only the first elements of a
sample are randomly selected while
the next elements are systematically
selected according to a certain pattern
 81

In systematic sampling there are two

terms:
SYSTEMATIC Sampling interval, Proportion of
SAMPLING which is the ratio sampling (sampling
between the fraction / sampling
population and the ratio), which is the
desired sample ratio between sample
size and population
 82
Check the state of the population register
(population framework)

Check the state of the pop Assign

The next sample member is
numbers (assigning the first
determined by adding the interval
number randomly) ulation register
to the first number and so on.
(population framework)
 The population consisting of 40 manufacturing
companies listed on the Indonesia Stock
Exchange, from all members of that population
are numbered 1 to 40. This becomes a multiple of
three. For this reason, the samples taken are
sequence numbers 3,6,9,12,15 and so on up to
40 populations.
 84
The characteristics of systematic sampling
are

The sample is The elements are

Systematic Sampling selected by
selecting a random
starting point and
then taking each
successive k-
element from the
sample frame to be
sampled
selected from the
population at the
same interval
according to time,
order or room
 85
Systematic use of samples is done when

Systematic Sampling
Identification The
or names of population
elements in has a regular
the population pattern
are listed
 86
The advantages of a systematic sample are

Sampling is It is possible to
Systematic Sampling
take samples in
faster, easier the field
and cheaper without having
to use a sample
frame.
 The weaknesses of the systematic sample 87
are:

It is possible to appear biased because the

Systematic Sampling
elements chosen from the population as a sample
are very dependent on the previously selected
elements.

The sequence is not completely random so

population variations cannot be precisely predicted

○The population has a relatively fixed repetition of

characteristics (and happens to be the same as the
interval used) so the sample will be uniform.
 88

CLUSTER SAMPLING
 “ 89

Cluster sampling is a form of random

sampling whose population is divided
into several groups (clusters) using
certain rules such as natural
boundaries and administrative areas
of government
 90
Divide the population into groups

Select one or a number of groups

from these groups randomly

Determine the sample from one or

a number of groups chosen at
random
 91

CLUSTER SAMPLING
 The characteristics of cluster sampling are: 92

It is taking several groups from the population

Cluster Sampling
randomly and then selecting all or some elements
from each selected group as a sample

If the population is wide spread, sampling in this

way costs efficiency

Used when variations are found in each group but

between groups are relatively the same
 93
The advantages of cluster sampling are

If it is well designed, sampling with cluster

Cluster Sampling
sampling saves more costs when compared to
using simple random sampling

The samples taken physically are relatively close

together so that the sampling process is easier
 94
The disadvantages of cluster sampling
are:

Potential bias that may arise due to the tendency

Cluster Sampling of the similarity of conditions of two or more
samples that are located close
 95

For example, researchers want to examine using

Cluster Sampling local revenue in Badung district as a population.
Because Badung Regency is very large, certain
subdistricts were chosen as the 1st cluster sample
at random, for example, selected in South Kuta
District. Furthermore, from the subdistricts, village
selection was also carried out randomly, for
example, the chosen village, Ungasan Village.
 96

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
 97

Convenience Sampling /
Incidental Sampling
 98

Convenience sampling is a sampling technique where

samples are taken based on the availability of elements
and ease of obtaining them or are incidental in nature.
The sample was chosen because it is in the right place
and time. This technique is the cheapest and the fastest
to implement, but its reliability is doubtful because
researchers have the freedom to choose who they
meet. (Sugiarto, 2017).

ADVANTAGES
From the financing objective, the
implementation of this technique is the
cheapest compared to other sampling
technique
Respondents selected as samples are
easily accessible, measured and often
cooperative in completing the
collection of required data.
Very appropriate for research with
focused groups
99
DISADVANTAGES
The subjectivity is high because the
sample was chosen on the basis of
ease in obtaining so that the results
can be biased in the process of its
implementation not carefully selected.
We Are required to be careful in
concluding the results and it is not
recommended to generalize
conclusions
 100

Purposive Sampling /
Judgment Sampling
 101

Purposive sampling is a sampling technique whose

samples are taken based on criteria that have been
formulated in advance by the researcher. In the
formulation of the criteria, subjectivity and experience of
researchers play a significant role (Sugiarto, 2017).
 102

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
If the criteria formulated in sampling are High carefulness is needed when
very adequate, the samples taken are considering sample
likely to be highly representative with
high accuracy and precision

Samples taken are more focused in Criteria applied in sampling must have
connection with the information to be high relevance to the research
extracted in the study objectives

If the subjectivity and intuition of the

sampling are incorrect, the resulting
bias will be large.
Quota Sampling
 104

Quota sampling is a technique for determining samples from

populations that have certain characteristics to the desired
Definition amount.
It can be said that the sampling quota is a two-stage
judgment sampling.
 105
○With the correct selection of respondents, the results
obtained can approach the probability sampling technique
and a useful method when probability sampling techniques
are not possible

Advantages ○Researchers are more flexible in determining the elements

of each quota
○Relatively easy to administer
○Can be performed quickly
○Cost-effective
○Accounts for population proportions
 106

Irregularities in the conduct of sampling in the field have the

Disadvantages potential to cause bias, especially when researchers tend to
take samples that are easily found.
 107
○Imagine that a researcher is interested in examining the effect of
perceptions of taxpayer awareness on compliance of individual
taxpayers in Denpasar City. Because researchers believe that men and
women have different perceptions, the researcher decides to classify
taxpayers based on gender.
Example
○After conducting some preliminary research, researchers found
statistical evidence that 60 percent of individual taxpayers are men.
Researchers wanted a sample size of 400. To get a proportional
sample, the researcher decided to take a sample of 240 men
(representing 60 percent of the sample) and 160 women (40 percent of
the sample).
Snowball
Sampling
 109
Snowball sampling is a sampling procedure where the first
respondent is chosen by the probability method, and then
the next respondent is obtained from information provided
by the first respondent.

Definition
 110

○Low cost

Advantages ○Useful in allocating members from a small population

 111

○The results are biased because the number of samples is

not independent
Disadvantages
○Data projections outside the sample are not appropriate
 112

○The banking business is a service business that provides a level of

trust to its customers, namely bank customers. In order to be able to
compete, survive, and grow, banks are required to be able to provide
quality services that can meet the needs and desires of their
Example
customers in addition to offering various types of products and
services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of
service of Bank Mandiri and Bank BCA as a whole according to each
customer and compare the quality of service between Bank Mandiri
and Bank BCA based on the five main dimensions of service quality,
namely tangible reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy.
○The object of this study is Bank Mandiri with 50 customers and 50
BCA customers. The type of data collected in this study is primary
data. The technique used in data collection is Non Probability
Sampling with the method used is Snowball Sampling.
Saturated
Sampling
 114

Definition Saturated sampling is a sampling technique when all

members of the population are used as samples.
 115

○Can know the true picture of a population

Advantages ○Do not have a sampling error (error in taking samples)

 116

Disadvantages ○Not suitable for populations with large members

 117

○For example, researchers want to conduct research on the

Example performance of employees of a cooperative, in which the number of
employees of the cooperative is 30 people. Here the saturation
sampling technique can be used, all of the population members are
used as samples.
 118

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