STS

PRESENTATION
 TELESCOPE
- THIS WAS DISCOVERED BY GALILEO GALILEI WHO WAS AN ITALIAN
ASTRONOMER, PHYSICIST AND ENGINEER. HE IS KNOWN AS THE “FATHER OF
OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY“, “FATHER OF MODERN PHYSICS", “FATHER
OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD", AND THE “FATHER OF MODERN SCIENCE."

- NORMALLY, OBJECTS APPEAR ONE-WAY TO THE

NAKED EYE, BUT IS VIEWED DIFFERENTLY WHEN
MAGNIFIED.
 ASTRONOMY
- ACCEPTANCE OF THE VIEW OF THE SUN, MOON, AND THE PLANETS.
HELIOCENTRIC STATES THAT THE SUN IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE,
AND WAS PRESENTED BY NICOLAUS COPERNICUS.

GEOCENTRIC ON THE OTHER HAND STATES THAT THE EARTH IS THE

CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE, AND WAS PRESENTED BY BOTH PTOLEMY
AND ARISTOTLE.
 PHYSICS
MAIN BRANCHES:
MECHANINCS- STUDY OF MOTION AND ITS CAUSES.
OPTICS- STUDY OF LIGHT.
THEORY OF INERTIA- BECAME THE BASIS OF THE LAW OF MOTION.
 CHEMISTRY
ALCHEMY- PRACTICING AN ATTEMPT TO
TURN BASE METALS INTO PRECIOUS ONES.
 BIOLOGY
THIS IS THE NATURAL SCIENCE THAT STUDIES LIFE AND LIVING
ORGANISMS, INCLUDING THEIR PHYSICAL STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL
PROCESSES, MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS, PHYSIOLOGICAL
MECHANISMS, DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION.

BIOS LOGOS
LIFE STUDY OF
 OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION

THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO TYPES OF STUDY IS IN THE WAY
THE OBSERVATION IS DONE. IN EXPERIMENTS, THE RESEARCHER WILL
UNDERTAKE SOME EXPERIMENT AND NOT JUST MAKE OBSERVATIONS. IN
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY, THE RESEARCHER SIMPLY MAKES AN OBSERVATION
AND ARRIVES AT A CONCLUSION.
 DEDUCTIVE REASONING

THE SECOND FEATURE OF SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WAS THE USE OF DEDUCTIVE REASONING TO
ESTABLISH BASIC SCIENTIFIC TRUTHS OR PRINCIPLES. FROM THESE PRINCIPLES
OTHER IDEAS OR LAWS COULD BE DEDUCED LOGICALLY.
MATHEMATICS AND NATURE
 IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE TENSIONS
THAT SCHOLARS ENCOUNTERED IN
THE PROCESS OF THEIR DISCOVERIES
 IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE TENSIONS THAT SCHOLARS
ENCOUNTERED IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR DISCOVERIES

- CRITICISM
- THEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
- HOSTILITIES BETWEEN SCHOLARS
- LACK OF TOOLS AND FACILITIES
 HOW DID THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
INFLUENCE PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS
THOUGHTS IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES?
 PHILOSOPHICAL
- IN ASTRONOMY: PTOLEMY AND ARISTOTLE'S GEOCENTRIC THEORY
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS'S HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

- IN PHYSICS: ARISTOTLE'S VIEW ABOUT THE NATURAL MOTION OF OBJECTS

ISAAC NEWTON'S THREE LAWS OF MOTION AND THE UNIVERSAL LAW OF
GRAVITATION

- IN CHEMISTRY: PARACELSUS METHOD OF MEDICATION

ROBERT BOYLE'S ARRANGEMENT OF COMPONENTS EXPERIMENTS ON THE
VOLUME OF PRESSURE, DENSITY OF GAS AND THE ELASTICITY OF THE AIR.
- IN BIOLOGY: WILLIAM HARVEY'S STUDY ABOUT THE CIRCULATION OF
BLOOD

RELIGIOUS THOUGHTS

- PROTESTANTS
- ALLOWING THE PUBLICATION AND DISSEMINATION OF NEW SCIENTIFIC
IDEAS
-ACCOMMODATED SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO THEIR BELIEFS

- CHRISTIANS
- CONTRADICTION BETWEEN THE SUN-CENTERED THEORY AND BIBLICAL
REFERENCES.
- UNIVERSE FUNCTIONED AS A MACHINE.
IN THE PRESENT SOCIETY, DO SCIENCE AND
RELIGION STILL HAVE CONFLICTS WITH
EACH OTHER? HOW DO THESE CONFLICTS
AFFECT THE SOCIETY?
THANK
YOU