CELL STRUCTURE AND

FUNCTION
 EXPECTED OUTCOME
Construct a 3D model of a
plant/animal/ bacterial cell
using recyclable materials.
 Red Blood cells

Onion skin epidermal cells Human cheek cells

 Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells
“Pro” – Before
“Karyon” - nucleus “Eu” – True
- Has no true nucleus because the “Karyon” – nucleus
genetic materials is floating in
the cytoplasm
- The nucleoid (meaning
-Has a True Nucleus
nucleus-like) is an irregularly Covered in Nuclear
shaped region within the cell of Envelope
a prokaryote that contains all or
most of the genetic material
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells

Smaller and Larger and

more simple more complex
than Eukaryotic than
cells prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells

Few organelles Has complex

and lack Organelles with
membranes membrane
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells

Can be
ALL are
unicellular OR
Unicellular
multicellular
Organisms
organisms
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells

BACTERIAL CELL ANNIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

PROTIST
FUNGI CELL (single-cell Eukaryote)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
(BACTERIAL CELL)
PARTS AND FUNCTION
Capsule
 - Found in some bacterial cells, this
additional outer covering protects the
cell when it is engulfed by other
organisms, assists in retaining
moisture, and helps the cell adhere to
surfaces and nutrients.
PARTS AND FUNCTION Cell Wall
 -It is an outer covering
that protects the bacterial
cell and gives it shape.
Made out of Peptidoglycan
 Cell Membrane or
PARTS AND FUNCTION Plasma Membrane

 - It surrounds the cell's cytoplasm

and regulates the flow of
substances in and out of the cell.
PARTS AND FUNCTION Cytoplasm
 - is a gel-like substance
composed mainly of water that
also contains enzymes, salts, cell
components, and various organic
molecules.
 Pili (Pilus for
PARTS AND FUNCTION Singular)

Hair-like structures on the surface of

the cell that attach to other bacterial
cells. Shorter pili called fimbriae
help bacteria attach to surfaces.
PARTS AND FUNCTION Flagella
 - are long, whip-like
protrusion that aids in
cellular locomotion.
PARTS AND FUNCTION Ribosomes
 - are cell structures
responsible
for protein production.
PARTS AND FUNCTION Plasmid
are gene carrying, circular
DNA structures that are not
involved in reproduction.
 Nucleoid
PARTS AND FUNCTION
Region
 - Area of the cytoplasm
that contains the single
bacterial DNA molecule
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
(ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL)
 PLASMA
CYTOPLASM
MEMBRANE

Cytoplasm together with

Nucleus is known as
PROTOPLASM
(Living matter of the cell)

NUCLEUS
PLASMA MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Bilayer or • Selectively Permeable;
lipids (fats) regulates the entry and exit
and proteins of materials in the Cell
• Protection
 PERMEABILITY
Definition: The ability of matter to move
across a boundary.

Cell Membranes are Semi-Permeable.

“Semi-Permeable”: “Selective”
-Only specific materials may enter or exit
through the cells
 PLASMA
CYTOPLASM
MEMBRANE

Cytoplasm together with

Nucleus is known as
PROTOPLASM
(Living matter of the cell)

NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Jelly-like • Most organelles float within
material • Dissolves Solutes and perform
inside the Chemical Reaction
cell • Distribution of materials
throughout the cell due to
cyclosis (streaming of fluid
part)
CYCLOSIS
 PLASMA
CYTOPLASM
MEMBRANE

Cytoplasm together with

Nucleus is known as
PROTOPLASM
(Living matter of the cell)

NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Spherical • The Control center of the
Body cell; directs and
coordinates all cellular
activities.
`
Nuclear Envelope
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE/MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• A membrane • Separates the nuclear
that encloses Contents from the contents
the nucleus. of the cytoplasm

• It is porous
(has pores)
Nuclear Pore

POROUS
Nuclear Envelope
NUCLEAR PORES/NUCLEOPORES
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Opening of • allow the transport of
the nucleus molecules across
• Large the nuclear envelope (From
nucleus to cytoplasm and vise
complex of
versa)
proteins
Nucleopores
Nucleoplasm

Nuclear Envelope
NUCLEOPLASM
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• It is a gel-like • Holds material inside the
material that nucleus.
fills the • Holds genetic material called
the chromatin
nucleus
 CHROMATIN
Long strands of
DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
Holds info to make
proteins
 Nucleolus

Nucleopores
Nucleoplasm

Nuclear Envelope
NUCLEOLUS
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• It is a dense, • Production of
spherical
body inside Ribosomes
the nucleus, It (Synthesis of
contains RNA Proteins)
(Ribonucleic
Acid)
 Nucleolus

Nucleopores
Nucleoplasm

Nuclear Envelope
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
a microscope with high
magnification and
resolution, employing
electron beams in place
of light and using
electron lenses
Electron Microscopes
can have total
magnifications of
×50 0000.
 STRUCTURE
• Network of channels composed of single
membrane

TYPES
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
 Cisternal
(Folds and Flattened)

TUBURAL
(TUBES)
 RIBOSOMES
FUNCTION
• Site of
Protein
Synthesis
GOLGI APPRATUS/ GOLGI BODY
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Consists of stacks of • Sorts,
single membrane that
are connected to the packages,
plasma membrane and and modifies
endoplasmic reticulum proteins for
secretion
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
 Ribosome
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus

Plasma/Cell Membrane

Ribosome
 STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Oval in Shape • Powerhouse of the Cell
• They are made of two
membranes. The
• Create ATP (Adenosine
outer membrane covers Triphosphate) which is
the organelle and contains an energy molecule in
it like a skin. the process of Cellular
• The inner membrane folds
over many times and Respiration
creates layered structures
called cristae.
ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY
Once free living
organisms that
become part of
modern cells.
Evidences:
Own DNA and
Ribosome
Makes Protein
Replicates
VILLI
LYSOSOME (ANIMAL CELLS ONLY)
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Spherical • Breaks down food particles,
invading objects, or worn
organelle that
out cell parts.
encloses digestive • Suicidal Bag (Autolysis –
(hydrolytic) self-destruct dying cell)
enzymes • Recycling Center
 STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Outermost layer • Additional protection
of plant, fungi and support for growth
• Made of tough cellulose
and animal cells (hard to digest)
• Witnessed by Robert
Hook
 STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Stack sacks that • Perform Photosynthesis
contain (Conversion of light
energy into chemical
chlorophyll energy stored in
(Green pigment GLUCOSE.
that captures
sunlight)
ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY
Once free living
organisms that
become part of
modern cells.
Evidences:
Own DNA and
Ribosome
Makes Protein
Replicates
VACUOLE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Compartme • Storage of Food, Water, and
nt covered Even Waste
by single • Plant – Large Central Vacuole
membrane • Animal – Scattered Small
Vacuole
REFLECT:
Is cell is a
system? Why or
Why not?