COMPUTER

What are computers?

 Computers are electronic devices that are
capable of processing data/information given
in the form of numbers, words, pictures, and
even sounds.
•They can be programmed (given instructions)
to carry out various kinds of information
processing jobs.
COMPONENT
OF THE
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
 Hardware
 The mechanical and electronic parts
that perform the various tasks of the
computer
> The programs or instructions
that tell the hardware what tasks
are to be done and how.
 Firmware
 Instructions in read only memory
(ROM).

> program that is embedded in a silicon

chip
System Unit
What is System unit?
 Alternatively referred to as a box or the
main unit, a system unit is the case that
contains all of the main parts of a
computer.
 The system unit is at times erroneously
referred to as the CPU.
Parts of System Unit
 Chassis (Case)
 Motherboard
 CPU
 Optical Drive
 Hard drive
 RAM
 PSU
 Video card
Chassis
 Alternatively referred to as
the computer case and sometimes
referred to as the system
unit or base unit,

 the chassis is the housing that helps

protect and organize all the
components that make up your
computer.
Why do we need a computer case?

1. Structure - The case is what holds everything together

in a compact and organized fashion.

2. Protection - Without the case, each of the sensitive

components within the computer would be
vulnerable to dirt, foreign objects, kids, animals, as well
as electrical interference

3. Cooling - The case helps keep the air properly flowing

over all components, which keeps everything cool
and running properly.
4. Noise - Many computers and components have fans
that generate noise. Having those components within
a confined case reduces the overall noise.
Computer cases

1. Desktop
2. Slimline
3. Mid-sized tower
4. Full-sized tower
Computer Cases
MOTHERBOARD
 The motherboard is a printed circuit board that is the
foundation of a computer and allows the CPU, RAM,
and all other computer hardware components to
function and communicate with each other.
The motherboard's main job is to hold the computer's
microprocessor chip and let everything else connect to it.
Model ECS G31T-M7
Model ECS G31T-M7
Parts of
a
Mother
board
CPU – CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

 The CPU is the central electronic chip that determines

the processing power of the computer.
 The main brain or heart of the computer.

 The processor is placed and secured into a

compatible CPU socket found on the motherboard,
and because of the heat it produces it is covered with
a heat sink to help keep it cool and running smoothly.
Examples
RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

 Memory – Memory is the part of the

computer that temporarily stores
applications, documents, and system
operating information.
Example RAM: DDR 1, DDR 2, DDR 3
HARD DRIVE
 Alternatively referred to as a hard disk
drive and abbreviated as HD or HDD, the
hard drive is the computer's main storage
media device that permanently stores all
data on the computer.
2 TYPES OF MEMORY

 Volatile storage - computer storage

that is erased when the power is
turned off
 Nonvolatile - computer storage that is
not lost when the power is turned off
 The Power Supply

 computer regulates and delivers the

power to the components in the case.

Standard power supplies turn the incoming

110V or 220V AC (Alternating Current) into
various DC (Direct Current) voltages
suitable for powering the computer's
components.
 The Power Supply

•AT Power
Supply - still
in use in
older PCs.
 The Power Supply

• ATX
Power
Supply -
commonly
in use
today.
 The Power Supply

• ATX-2
Power
Supply -
recently
new
standard.
 THE POWER
SUPPLY
CONNECTORS
4 Pin Berg Connector
-Used to connect the PSU to small form
factor devices, such as 3.5" floppy drives.
-available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
 4 Pin Molex Connector
-This is used to power various
components, including hard
THE POWER drives and optical drives.
SUPPLY -available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
CONNECTORS
 20 Pin
Molex ATX
Power
THE POWER Connector
SUPPLY -This is used
CONNECTORS to power
the
motherboa
rd in ATX
 4 Pin Molex Power
Connector
-Used specifically for
Pentium 4 Processor
THE POWER Motherboards.
SUPPLY -available in: ATX
CONNECTORS (integrated into the power
connector in ATX-2)
 THE POWER 15 PIN SATA POWER
SUPPLY CABLE
CONNECTORS is one of the
standard peripheral
power connectors
in computers. It's
the standard
connector for all
SATA-based hard
drives and optical
drives.
GRAPHICS CARD
 The graphics components are the part of your
computer that control and enhance how
graphics (pictures, videos, programs, animation,
3D) are displayed on your computer screen.
Other System Unit Parts

1. Bus – A bus is an electronic line that

allows 1s and 0s to move from one
place to another.
2. Expansion Slots – Expansions slots
appear on the motherboard. They
are sockets into which adapters are
connected.
Cont.…
4. Ports – A port is a connector located on
the motherboard or on a separate
adapter.
Back Panel Connector / IO PORTS
 FRONT PANEL
in addition to
providing the PC with
its looks and color, the
front panel also
provides information
on the PC’s status,
allows the user to
physically secure the
PC and on some case
types, it is the starting
point for removing the
case cover.
 Power LED
(Light Emitting
Diode)
typically green
in color and
illuminated
when the PC’s
power is on.
Hard drive LED
when the drive
is seeking,
reading or
writing data,
this red, orange
or amber LED is
lit and flashes.
  Power button - in
 Switches most older PCs, the
power switch was a
new systems
part of the power
now have their supply and located
two main on the right rear
switches, the corner of the PC.
power switch  Reset button performs a
and the reset hardware reset when pressed.
switch, on the This provides the user with a
means of restarting the PC should
front panel. it halt and not respond to normal
shutdown or restart command.
  Internal drive bays these drive bays are
 Drive bays disk drives
with removable media
have been mounted in
the system case so that
they can be accessed
from the front panel.
Typically, the drive
bays are used for 3.5-
inch disk drives, optical
drives and removable
hard drives.
completely inside the system case and are
not accessible from outside the chassis
 External drive
bays these drive
bays are actually
internal to the
case and chassis,
but they can be
accessed
externally.
(internal storage, main
memory or memory) is
the computer's working
storage space that holds
data, instructions for
processing and
processed data
(information) waiting to
be sent to secondary
storage. Physically,
primary storage is a
collection of RAM chips.
is any hardware
temporarily or
permanently.
capable of
holding
information
Magnetic storage
devices Hard Drives
 one of the most
common types
of storage used
with computers
and is the Floppy diskette

technology
that many
computer hard
drives use.
Optical storage devices
Another common storage
is optical storage, which uses
lasers and lights as its method
of reading and writing data.
Blue Rays Disc
CD-ROM Disc
CD-R and CD-RW Disc

DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW disc

Assessment:
1. Referred to as the computer case and sometimes referred to as
the system unit
a) Cover b) Chassis c) Screws d) Power supply
2. The mechanical and electronic parts that perform the various
tasks of the computer.
a) Hardware b) Software c) Firmware d) Peopleware
3. The part of the computer that provides power to the entire
system?
a) CPU b) Drive Bay c) Power Supply d) Reset
4. Sockets into which adapters are connected.
a)Ports b) Bus c) Expansion Slot d) Power switch
5. The part of the chassis where you place the internal drives.
a) Drive Bay b) Cover c) Chassis d) CPU
Assessment:
6. Any hardware temporarily or permanently capable of holding
information
a) PSU b) CPU c) Motherboard d) Storage devices
7. A program that is embedded in a silicon chip
a) Hardware b) Software c) Firmware d) Peopleware
8. The programs or instructions that tell the hardware what tasks
are to be done and how.
a) Hardware b) Software c) Firmware d) Peopleware
9. The main brain or heart of the computer.
a) PSU b) CPU c) Motherboard d) Graphics Card
10.It controls and enhance how graphics are displayed on your
computer screen.
a) PSU b) CPU c) Motherboard d) Graphics Card
Answer

1. B 6. D
2. A 7. C.
3. C 8. B.
4. C 9. B.
5. A 10. D.
 PERFORMANCE TASK
Name: ___________________________________
Grade and Section:_________________________
Group No.:-______________________________