DISCIPLINES IN

POLITICAL
SCIENCE
WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE?
 POLITICAL SCIENCE IS THE STUDY OF
GOVERNMENTS, POLITICAL BEHAVIOR, POWER
RELATIONS, AND POLICIES.
 POLITICAL SCIENCE FOCUSES ON THE
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF GOVERNMENT AND
POLITICS AT THE LOCAL, STATE, NATIONAL,
AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS.
 WHAT IS POLITICS?
 POLITICS IS THE EXERCISE OF POWER
 THE MAKING OF POLITICAL DECISIONS
 THE PRACTICE OF DECEPTION AND
MANIPULATION
THE ALLOCATION OF LIMITED
RESOURCES
 WHERE DO POLITICS CAME
FROM?
• POLITICS CAME FROM THE WORD POLIS WHICH MEANS CITY ;SOVEREIGN
STATE
• SCIENCE CAME FROM THE WORD SCIRE WHICH MEANS TO KNOW;STUDY
 VARYING OUTLOOKS OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE
• POLITICS AS CONSENSUS AND COMPROMISE
• PLITICS AS SOCIETY
• POLITICS AS POWER AND THE DIDTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
• POLITICS AS A PUBLIC AFFAIR
• POLITICS AS AN ART OF GOVERNMENT
• POLITICS AS ACADEMIC
• POLITICS AS SCIENCE
 WHAT ARE THE SCOPE OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE?
• POLITICAL THEORY- THE ENTIRE BDY OF DOCTRINES RELATING TO ORIGIN,
FORM, AND PURPOSES OF A STATE.
• PUBLIC LAW- COVERS CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, AND
INTERNATIONAL LAW.
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION- METHODS AND TECHNIQUES USDE IN ACTUAL
MANAGEMENT OF STATE AFFAIRS BY THE 3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
 FUNCTION AND IMPORTANCE
• TO DISCOVER THE PRINCIPLES THAT SHOULD BE ADHERED TO IN PUBLIC
AFFAIRS AND TO STUDY THE OPERTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT.
• ITS FINDINGS CAN BE USED IN SEEKINGRESOLUTIONS TO IMMEDIATE
SITUATIONS
• TO BE ABLE TO DEAL WITH SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND THE
OTHER MATTERS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONCERNS.
 NACESSITY OF THE STUDY
• EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP
• ESSENTIAL PART OF LIBERAL EDUCATION
• KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF GOVERNMENT
 CONCEPT OF STATE AND
GOVERNMET
• STATE= A COMMUNITY OF PERSONS MORE OR LESS NUMEROUS PERMANENTLY
OCCUPYING A DEFINITE PORTION OF TERRITORY, HAVING A GOVERNMENT OF
ITS OWN TO WHICH THE GREAT BODY OF INHABITANTS RENDER OBEDIENCE,
NAD ENJOYING FREEDOM FROM EXTERNAL CONTROL
 ELEMENTS OF STATES
• PEOPLE - mass of population living within the state
• Territory - fixed the portion of the surface of the earth in habited by the
people of the state
• Government – agency through which the will of the state is formulated,
expressed and carried out
• Sovereignty – the supreme power of thae state to the command and
enforce obedience
 ORIGIN OF THE STATE
• Divine right theory – hold that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is
ordained by god to govern the people
• Necessity or force theory – maintain that the state must have been created
through force
• Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of state to then enlargement of the
family
• Social contract theory – asserts that the early states must have been formed
by deliberate and voluntary compact among people to form a government
of their own
 FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1. As to the number of the person exercising sovereign power

a. Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single

person. It is further classified into: absolute monarchy and limited monarchy
b. Aristocracy – a political power is exercised by the few prevelged class
c. Democracy – the political power is exercised by the majority of people. It is
the further classified into two: direct or pure democracy and indirect or
representative democracy
2. As the nature of tenure of the officials
Hereditary – power and authority is passed on to one who is passed on to one
who is a relative by consanguinity
Elective or popular – leader is chosen by an electoral process
3. As to extent of power exercised by the central or national government
a. Unitary government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised
by the central or national government
b. Federal government – the power of the government are divided between
two sets of the organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs
4. As to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of
the government
a. Parliamentary – the state confers upon the legislature the power to
terminate the tenure of office of the real executive
b. Presidential – the state make the executive constitutional independent of
the legislative