From LTE to 5G New Radio (NR):

Layer 2 Aspects

華碩電腦
陳威宇 專員
Outline
• Introduction of 5G NR
• SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol)
• PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol)
• RLC (Radio Link Control)
• MAC (Medium Access Control)
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2

2
Introduction of 5G NR
• Introduction of 5G NR
– 5G NR Requirements
– 5G NR Layer 2
• SDAP
• PDCP
• RLC
• MAC
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2

3
 5G NR Requirements
DL 4 ms
UL 4 ms

DL 0.5 ms
Battery life:
UL 0.5 ms
10~15 years
1-10-5

4
[1]
 5G NR Layer 2

• LTE vs NR

LTE User Plane Protocol NR User Plane Protocol

Layer 2
Layer 2 UE gNB

UE eNB SDAP SDAP

PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC RLC RLC

MAC MAC MAC MAC

PHY PHY PHY PHY

5
 Service Data Adaptation Protocol
• Introduction of 5G NR
• SDAP
– Introduction of SDAP
– Reflective QoS
• PDCP
• RLC
• MAC
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2

6
 Introduction of SDAP (1/2)

• Introduce QoS-flow NR
E-UTRAN EPC Internet

UE eNB S-GW P-GW Peer

Entity

End-to-end Service

EPS Bearer External Bearer

E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer

Radio Bearer S1 Bearer

Radio S1 S5/S8 Gi

LTE
Flexibility for base station to control
mapping between radio bearers(RB)
and flows based on radio resource
management (RRM) policy
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 Introduction of SDAP (2/2)
• SDAP layer (User plane)
UE gNB

SDAP SDAP

PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC

MAC MAC

PHY PHY

8
Reflective QoS

• AS reflective QoS
DL
2
1
Application

SDF flow1

QoS rule
QoS flow1

SDAP
RB1

SDF flow2 QoS flow1

3 4
UL

To minimize the control signaling between

network and UE
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Packet Data Convergence Protocol
• Introduction of 5G NR
• SDAP
• PDCP
– PDCP Duplication
• RLC
• MAC
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2

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PDCP Duplication (1/2)
To increase reliability of Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and
Data Radio Bearer (DRB) for URLLC
Data Data

PDCP PDCP
Data Data Data Data

RLC RLC RLC RLC

MAC MAC MAC MAC

Data Data 11
 PDCP Duplication (2/2)
Carrier Aggregation Dual Connectivity

Cell1 Cell1
Cell1 Cell3
Cell2 Cell2
Cell2 Cell4

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 Radio Link Control
• Introduction of 5G NR
• SDAP
• PDCP
• RLC
– RLC Acknowledged Mode (AM) NACK Range
• MAC
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2

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 RLC AM NACK Range

• New field in status PDU – NACK range

D/C CPT ACK_SN Oct 1

ACK_SN Oct 2
E1 R R R R R R R Oct 3
IP Packet IP Packet IP Packet
NACK_SN Oct 4
n n+1 NACK_SN
E1 m E2 E3 R Oct 5
RBx RBy NACK_SN Oct 6
SDAP H SDAP SDU H SDAP SDU H SDAP SDU ...
NACK_SN E1 E2 E3 R Oct 7
Contiguous RLC PDUs loss will occur SOstart Oct 8
No concatenation
PDCP H
in MAC
PDCP SDU
PDU transmission
H PDCP SDU
failure H
case
SOstart
PDCP SDU
Oct 9
...
in RLC SOend Oct 10
SOend Oct 11
RLC H RLC SDU H RLC SDU H
NACK range H
SDU Segment SDU Segment
Oct
...
12
NACK_SN Oct 13
NACK_SN E1 E2 E3 R Oct 14
MAC H MAC SDU H MAC SDU H MAC SDU ... H MAC SDU ...

MAC PDU – Transport Block 14

 Medium Access Control
• Introduction of 5G NR
• SDAP
• PDCP
• RLC
• MAC
– MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Format
– Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP) Enhancement
– Scheduling Request (SR) Enhancement
– On-demand System Information Mechanism
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2
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MAC PDU Format (1/2)
For reducing processing time,
• UL format preprocessing is allowed.
LTE

NR

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MAC PDU Format (2/2)
• DL format
LTE

NR

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 LCP Enhancement (1/2)
• Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP) is a
procedure to create MAC PDU for transmission
LTE
LC1 LC2 LC1 LC2
Logical channel 1:
- Priority 1

Logical channel 2:
- Priority 2
Grant

LCP

MAC PDU
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LCP Enhancement (2/2)
• For achieving URLLC service requirement
Latency≦0.5ms
• Logical channel scheduling limitation
– Sub-Carrier Spacing (SCS)
– Time information NR
– Cell
LC1 LC2 LC1 LC2

Logical channel 1:
- Priority 1
- SCS index 1
Logical channel 2:
Grant on SCS 2
- Priority 2
- SCS index 2 LCP

MAC PDU 19
 SR Enhancement
• Scheduling Request (SR) is for UE to autonomously
request resource on data channel
• Multiple SR configurations associated with different
resource demands
SR SR1 SR1 SR1
configuration 1
SR SR2 SR2 SR2 SR2 SR2
configuration 2

UE BS UE BS
SR SR1 / SR2

Uplink grant Uplink grant1/

Uplink grant2
BSR + data
BSR + data1/data2
For achieving URLLC service requirement
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Latency≦0.5ms
On-demand System Information (1/2)

• LTE system information

– Periodically broadcast

• NR System information
– Minimum system information (SI)
• Necessary system information for initial access
– Other system information (on-demand)
Reduce unnecessary broadcast transmissions 21
 On-demand System Information (2/2)

• For requesting Other SI

– Transmit system information request
(RRC_CONNECTED)
– RA Msg1 based (RRC_IDLE/ RRC_INACTIVE)
– RA Msg3 based (RRC_IDLE/ RRC_INACTIVE)
• Msg1 based Msg3 based
UE BS
UE BS
Minimum SI
Minimum SI
Msg1
Special Msg1 for
Other SI Compromise Msg2

Msg2 Msg3(SI request)

Other SI Other SI 22
 Future Works
• Introduction of 5G NR
• SDAP
• PDCP
• RLC
• MAC
• Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2

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Future Works in 5G NR Layer 2
• V2X Communication/Sidelink Communication
– Impact of enhancements in NR
– Impact of any new service requirements
• Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)
– Power saving mechanism
– Small data transmission

[2] [3] 24
 References
1. IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the
future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond
2. 5G-PPP White Paper on Automotive Vertical Sector
3. Expanding the horizon of Mobile networks for Internet
of Things, Hammad Tariq,
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/expanding-horizon-
mobile-networks-internet-things-hammad-tariq
4. TS 38.300 running CR
5. TS 38.321 running CR
6. TS 38.322 running CR
7. TS 36.331

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Thank You!

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