PHYSICS

Thermal
physics
Tiffany, Amel, Angelo
SOL ID
Particles very close to one another , vibrate in
their fixed position, have very strong attractive
force

L IQ UID
Particles can slide to one another, have strong
attractive force.

GA S
Presentations are tools that can be used as
lectures, speeches, reports, and more.
 GRAPH
AB-Kinetic energy increases, electrical
potential energy increases a bit.
BC - The electrical potential energy increases
quite a lot.
CD - Kinetic energy increases a lot, electrical
energy increases a bit.
DE - Electrical Potential energy increases a lot.
EF - Kinetic energy increases a lot, have
maximum electrical potential energy which is
0
 INTERNAL ENERGY
Kinetic energy + Potential energy = Internal energy

CHANGING INTERNAL ENERGY

Heating a gas - Heating result in the
molecules to vibrate faster = Higher
kinetic energy = Higher temperature

Doing work - Apply compressive force =

bounce faster = Higher kinetic energy
and temperature

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Energy is conserved so all the energy put will
end up in the gas.
Increase in internal energy = Energy supplied
by heating + Energy supplied by doing work
 DEFINITIONS
THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
There is no net transfer of thermal energy
between two objects that are in contact THERMAL ENERGY
between one another
Energy from high temperature region to low
temperature region
THERMODYNAMIC SCALE
Also known as Kelvin's Scale.
Cannot go below 0 K = Minimum internal energy
Thermodynamics temp. depends on kinetic energy.
Has two fixed point - Absolute zero (0K), triple point
of water (273.16K)
THERMOMETERS
Thermocouple Thermometers
An eletrical device which shows
voltage to measure temperature, the
greater the difference in
temperature, the greater the voltage
produced

Resistance Thermometers
An electrical device which uses
resistor as the sensor of a
thermometer

temperature
value of variable theta
value of ice point
value of steam point
 T HE RMA L CA P A CITY
The energy required to raise the
temp. of the body by 1 degree
C = thermal capacity (JK^-1)
Q = heat energy needed (J)
T = temperature (K)
SP E CIF IC HE A T CA P ACITY
Energy required per unit mass of the
substance to raise the temperature
c = specific heat capacity (Jkg^-1K^-1)
SP E CIF IC L AT E NT HE AT OF
F USION
Energy required per unit mass to
change it's state from solid to liquid
or vice versa without any change in
temperature.
Lf = latent heat of fusion (Jkg^-1)
SP ECIF IC L AT ENT HEAT OF
EVAP OR ATION
Energy required per unit mass to
change it's state from liquid to gas
and vice versa, without any change
in temperature.
Lv = latent heat of evaporation(Jkg^-1)
 Exchange of Heat
(Black's Principle)
Heat energy lost = Heat energy gain

temp when in equilibrium

original temp
THANK YOU~~